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A&P 1 > Brain and Cranial Nerves: anna made > Flashcards

Brain and Cranial Nerves: anna made Flashcards

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1
Q

Meninges

A

Three connective tissue layers protecting the brain

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2
Q

Pia mater

A

Adheres to brain surface
Areolar CT

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3
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

 Lies external to pia mater
 Arachnoid trabeculae extend to pia mater through subarachnoid space
 Subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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4
Q

Dura mater

A

 Tough, outer membrane
 Dense irregular connective tissue
 Meningeal layer (deeper layer of dura)
 Periosteal layer (more superficial layer of dura)

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5
Q

Epidural space

A

Between dura and skull; contains arteries and veins

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6
Q

Dural Extensions

A

Form partitions between brain areas; provide support

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7
Q

Falx cerebri

A

Located on midline; separates R & L cerebral hemispheres

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8
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

Separates occipital and temporal lobes from cerebellum

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9
Q

Falx cerebelli

A

Separates left and right cerebellar hemispheres

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10
Q

Diaphragma sellae

A

Forms “roof ” over sella turcica of sphenoid bone

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11
Q

Ventricular System and CSF: R&L Lateral ventricles

A

Through interventricular foramen

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12
Q

Ventricular System and CSF: Third ventricle

A

Through cerebral aqueduct

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13
Q

Ventricular System and CSF: Fourth ventricle

A

Through obex to central canal of spinal cord
Through lateral and medial apertures to subarachnoid space

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14
Q

Ventricular System and CSF: Subarachnoid space

A

Circulation of CSF

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15
Q

Choroid Plexus

A
  • Specialized tissue in each ventricle
     Dense capillary bed lined with ependymal cells
  • Production of CSF
     Filtrate of blood
     Circulates in ventricles and subarachnoid space
     Clear liquid
     No RBCs
     Cushions brain
     Transports nutrients and wastes
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16
Q

CSF

A

 Filtrate of blood
 Circulates in ventricles and subarachnoid space
 Clear liquid
 No RBCs
 Cushions brain
 Transports nutrients and wastes

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17
Q

Arachnoid villi

A

Projections of arachnoid mater into venous sinus

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18
Q

Dural venous sinuses

A

Drains blood from brain

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19
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A
  • Regulates which substances enter the brain
  • Composed of specialized capillaries
     Wrapped by astrocytes
     Tight junction connections
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20
Q

Four functional regions of the brain

A

 Brainstem
 Diencephalon
 Cerebrum
 Cerebellum

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21
Q

Gyri

A

Outward folds

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22
Q

Sulci

A

Inward folds

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23
Q

Fissures

A

Deep sulci

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24
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A
  • Inferior region of brainstem
  • Pyramids: Crossing of somatic motor axons
  • Cardiac centers: Regulates heart rate and force
  • Respiratory centers: Regulates respiratory rate
  • Vasomotor centers: Regulates blood pressure
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25
Pons
Bulging region on anterior brainstem  Respiratory centers: Controls the rate/speed of involuntary respiration
26
Midbrain
* Superior portion of brainstem * Substantia nigra: Releases dopamine to control movement  Provides excitatory/inhibitory stimuli * Periaqueductal gray: Modulation of pain  Inhibition/facilitation of pain
27
Diencephalon
Epithalamus, Thalamus, and Hypothalamus
28
Epithalamus
Pineal gland
29
Thalamus
 Receives all sensory information except smell  Sends information to appropriate cerebral centers
30
Hypothalamus
 Controls the ANS  Regulates body temperature  Controls the pituitary gland  Regulates hunger/thirst
31
Cerebrum
Complex intellectual function  Intelligence and reasoning  Thought, memory, judgment  Voluntary movement  Visual and auditory function
32
Gray matter
 Synapses  Cell bodies, dendrite, terminal bulbs  “Cerebral cortex”
33
White matter
 Myelinated axons  “Tracts” in CNS  “Nerves” in PNS
34
Longitudinal fissure (sulcus)
Divides cerebrum into R&L hemispheres
35
Central sulcus
Boundary between frontal and parietal lobes
36
Corpus callosum
~200 million axons that connect the cerebral hemispheres
37
Frontal lobe
- Executive function  Analysis, judgment, planning, personality - Somatomotor area - Broca’s area  Controls muscles of speech production
38
Parietal lobe
 Sensation from body  Somatosensory area  Tactile sensation
39
Temporal lobe
 Primary auditory cortex  Language comprehension - Wernicke’s area  Primary olfactory cortex
40
Occipital
Primary visual cortex
41
Insula (Limbic cortex)
 Memory  Consciousness  Emotion  Primary gustatory cortex
42
Primary sensory cortex
 Parietal lobes  Receives sensory information from proprioceptors, touch, pressure, pain, temperature receptors
43
Primary motor cortex
 Frontal lobes  “Somatic motor area
44
Wernicke’s area
 Language comprehension  L temporal lobe
45
Broca’s area
 Speech production  L frontal lobe
46
Cerebral Nuclei
Centers deep in cerebrum * Striatum  Subconscious movement  Regulates muscle tone
47
CNS Tracts
Myelinated axons running together
48
Association tracts
- Same hemisphere a. Arcuate fibers - Short tracts connecting neighboring nuclei b. Longitudinal fasciculi (fibers) - Tracts connecting nuclei in different lobes
49
Commissural tracts
Connect regions in different hemispheres - Corpus callosum
50
Projection tracts
Connect cerebral cortex to inferior brain regions
51
Cerebellum functions
Coordination and balance - Stores memories of previously learned movements - Adjusts movements initiated by cerebrum - Helps maintain balance
52
Folia
folds of Cerebellum
53
Vermis
Connects L&R cerebellar hemispheres
54
Primary fissure
Separates anterior and posterior cerebellar lobes
55
Cerebellar cortex
Gray matter
56
Arbor vitae
White matter
57
Peduncles
Connect brain to cerebellum
58
Limbic System
“Emotional brain” Composed of multiple centers that process emotions Amygdala
59
Amygdala
Integration of emotions and emotional behavior
60
Nerves
 Bundles of axons extending from brain or spinal cord  Provide sensory/motor function to tissues
61
Mnemonic for name and number of cranial nerves:
Oh, Once One Takes The Anatomy Final Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly!
62
Mnemonic for sensory/motor function of cranial nerves:
Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Brain Matter More
63
Cranial Nerve I:
Olfactory Nerve * Sense of smell * Sensory (afferent) only * Centers in temporal lobes
64
Cranial Nerve II:
Optic Nerve * Vision * Sensory (afferent) only * Centers in occipital lobes
65
Cranial Nerve III
Oculomotor * Motor (efferent) * Somatic function  Controls muscles that move the eye * Autonomic function  Controls pupil constriction and dilation
66
Cranial Nerve IV
Trochlear * Motor (efferent) * Controls muscles that move the eye
67
Cranial Nerve V
Trigeminal Nerve * Sensory and motor * Sensation from face * Motor function to muscles of mastication (chewing)
68
Cranial Nerve VI
Abducens Nerve * Motor (efferent) * Controls muscles that move the eyes  Abduction
69
Cranial Nerve VII
Facial Nerve * Sensory and motor * Controls muscles of facial expression * Delivers taste information from tongue
70
Cranial Nerve VIII
Vestibulocochlear Nerve * Sensory * Two nerves in one 1. Cochlear (auditory) nerve  Hearing 2. Vestibular nerve  Balance
71
Cranial Nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal Nerve * Sensory and motor * Taste and touch from tongue * Control of pharyngeal muscles  Swallowing
72
Cranial Nerve X
Vagus Nerve * Sensory and motor * Sensation from organs (viscera) * Parasympathetic motor control of many organs  Decreased BP and HR, increased digestive activities, increased blood flow to kidneys, increased reproductive activity
73
Cranial Nerve XI
Accessory Nerve * Controls some muscles that position and move the head
74
Cranial Nerve XII
Hypoglossal Nerve * Controls tongue movement
75
what are the nerves that involve eye movement
3, 4, 6
76
what are nerves that involve the face
5, 7
77
Arachnoid trabeculae
extend to pia mater through subarachnoid space

A&P 1 (29 decks)

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