Bovine Infectious Diseases

Question 1

Anaplasmosis affects _______ animals more severely

Answer 1

older

Question 2

Calves with Anaplasmosis have less severe disease

but become _________

resulting in endemic stability

Answer 2

chronic carriers

Question 3

What is the etiology of Anaplasmosis?

Answer 3

• Anaplasma marginale*
• Anaplasma caudatum*

(Rickettsial organisms)

Question 4

Small, round, basophilic staining bodies

marginally located in the stroma of RBCs

are characteristic of this infectious disease

Answer 4

Anaplasmosis

Question 5

Where does Anaplasma replicate in ticks?

Answer 5

In tick SALIVARY GLANDS

Question 6

Calves < ______ months of age

are mildly affected by Anaplasmosis

and become chronic carriers

Answer 6

<6 months

Question 7

What are the stages of pathogenesis of Anaplasmosis?

Answer 7

Incubation

Developmental

Covalescence

Carrier Stage

Question 8

Incubation stage of Anaplasmosis

usually lasts ______ weeks

Answer 8

3 - 8 weeks

Question 9

This stage in the pathogenesis of Anaplasmosis

lasts 4 - 9 days during which most signs are present:

fever (105-106F), icterus, dehydration, weakness

Answer 9

Developmental stage

Question 10

The convalescence stage of Anaplasmosis

lasts ________ days

Answer 10

30 - 60 days

Question 11

What is the earliest clinical sign of Anaplasmosis?

Answer 11

Decreased milk production

Question 12

T/F:

Hemoglobinuria is a common finding in animals with Anaplasmosis

Answer 12

FALSE!

You do NOT see hemoglobinuria in Anaplasmosis

Question 13

Anaplasmosis is an ________ disease,

meaning if you see one animal with it, the rest are usually subclinical

Answer 13

Iceberg

Question 14

What Abx is used to treat Anaplasmosis?

Answer 14

Oxytetracycline

Question 15

Oxytetracycline only works BEFORE the ______ stage

in the treatment of Anaplasmosis

Answer 15

replicative

USE DURING INCUBATION STAGE

Question 16

After treating with Oxytetracycline for Anaplasmosis,

how many days is milk withdrawal?

Answer 16

2 - 3 days

Question 17

Texas Tick Fever, discovered on King Ranch,

is better known as

Answer 17

Babesiosis

Question 18

What is the etiology of Babesiosis?

Answer 18

• B. bigemina*
• B. argentina*
• B. bovis*

Question 19

The incubation period of Babesiosis lasts _______ weeks

Answer 19

1 - 3 weeks

Question 20

T/F:

An animal that survives Babesiosis becomes a carrier and is

resistant to infection

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

Anaplasmosis vs. Babesiosis:

Icterus is more common in which?

Answer 21

Anaplasmosis

Question 22

Anaplasmosis vs. Babesiosis:

Dark red to brown urine (hemoglobinuria) is present only in which?

Answer 22

Babesiosis

Question 23

How do you treat Babesiosis?

Answer 23

IMIDOCARB

Question 24

What is the most common sign of anthrax in cattle?

Answer 24

Sudden death

Question 25

How is anthrax diagnosed?

Answer 25

Can see the organism on blood smear

Question 26

How is anthrax controlled and prevented?

Answer 26

Vaccination in endemic areas

Question 27

What are some rare clinical signs seen in cattle infected with Lyme disease?

Answer 27

Mastitis and arthritis

Question 28

Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is very common in NA and is seen mostly in this type of cattle

Answer 28

DAIRY

Question 29

Bovine leukemia virus is an oncogenic ________ virus

Answer 29

RNA retrovirus

Question 30

What do you expect to see on the CBC of an animal infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus?

Answer 30

HIGH WHITE blood cell counts

Question 31

Bovine Leukemia Virus can cause Lymphosarcoma in \_\_\_\_\_\_% of animals

Answer 31

5%

Question 32

In cattle with BLV Lymphosarcoma, what 3 organs are most commonly affected?

Answer 32

Heart Abomasum Uterus

Question 33

You suspect an animal has BLV Lymphosarcoma due to its enlarged lymph nodes, heart and abomasum. You notice this animal is also suffering from diarrhea and bottle jaw. You realize now your initial suspicion is incorrect and are now leaning towards this dz as your primary ddx.

Answer 33

Johne's Disease

Question 34

\_\_\_\_\_\_% of animals infected with BLV show persistent lymphocytosis, but no other clinical signs

Answer 34

25 - 30%

Question 35

What is the natural reservoir for BLV?

Answer 35

Cattle

Question 36

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ transmission is the most common method of pathogenesis of BLV

Answer 36

Horizontal (only takes a small amount of infected blood to cause infection: via vector, rectal palp sleeves, instruments)

Question 37

T/F: BLV can be transmitted to calves via colostrum

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

BLV infection results in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_% becoming asymptomatic carriers

Answer 38

60%

Question 39

T/F: Most cases of BLV show an elevated lymphocyte count

Answer 39

FALSE! Most cases are inapparent with no signs

Question 40

Usually animals \> _____ years old contract BLV

Answer 40

over 3 years old

Question 41

What is the best, most sensitive and specific test, used to diagnose Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV)?

Answer 41

ELISA