Cattle Breeds and Terminology

Question 1

Adult male intact bovine

Answer 1

bull

Question 2

Castrated male bovine less than 4 years old

Answer 2

Steer

Question 3

Castrated male bovine over 4 years old

Answer 3

Ox

(reaches maturity around 4 years old when bones fuse)

Question 4

Adult female bovine

Answer 4

Cow

Question 5

Young female bovine, sometimes up to 4 years old, first or second

calving, usually a term applied to younger animals that have not

been bred yet

Answer 5

Heifer

Question 6

Naturally hornless (dominant characteristic):

Livestock without horns in species which are normally horned.

Answer 6

Polled (muley)

Question 7

Naturally having horns (recessive characteristic)

Answer 7

Horned

Question 8

Having rudimentary horns not attached to the skull

Answer 8

Scurred

Question 9

Dairy cows have a ___________ shape

while

Beef cows have a _________ shape

Answer 9

Dairy cows have a triangle shape

while

Beef cows have a rectangle shape

Question 10

Holstein Friesian and Jersey cows

are examples of dairy cows of the

Bos _________ species

Answer 10

Bos Taurus

Question 11

Gir cattle is a brahman cattle breed

of dairy cows of the

Bos _________ species

Answer 11

Bos indicus

Question 12

Water buffalo types of cows, used for mozzarella cheese

are dairy cows of the

Bos ________ species

Answer 12

Bos bubalus

Question 13

What are the 2 most common British beef cattle breeds

of the species Bos Taurus?

Answer 13

Angus (Aberdeen Angus)

Hereford

Question 14

What are the 2 most common European beef cattle breeds

of the species Bos Taurus?

Answer 14

Charolais

Blonde d’Aquitaine

Question 15

Brahman type cattle of the Bos indicus species

have a hump, heavy dewlap, and pendulous sheath or underbelly.

They do not mature or calve until _____ years old

Answer 15

3 years old

(much slower than Bos taurus)

Question 16

This english beef breed of North America

is usually black with smooth hair, polled, and perform well in

feedlots. Sometimes, they can be red (recessive gene)

Answer 16

Angus (Aberdeen angus)

Question 17

This english beef breed of North America

is red with a white face and legs

Answer 17

Hereford

Question 18

The cross between an Angus and Hereford is

known as a

Answer 18

Black Baldy

Question 19

This major beef breed in North America

is the origin of over 30 other different breeds. Can

be red, white, or roan, and is one of the most common in Australia

Answer 19

Shorthorn/Polled Shorthorn

Question 20

This major beef breed of North America

is used for crossing with other breeds, can be red or gray, is

heat and parasite tolerant, and has the ability to forage on poor pastures.

It is of the species Bos Indicus

Answer 20

Brahman

Question 21

This french beef breed is

white and double-muscled,

is used to cross-breed to get bigger animals with leaner carcasses,

and are genetically red, but a gene dilutes the red so they look white.

In NA, they are bred to be black.

Answer 21

Charolais

Question 22

This french beef breed is red and white,

and double-muscled.

Answer 22

Maine-Anjou

Question 23

This italian beef breed is the tallest breed

and is gray in color

Answer 23

Chianina

Question 24

This italian beef breed

is gray and double-muscled

Answer 24

Piedmontese

Question 25

This italian beef breed is gray with a dewlap, a horned breed, and VERY hearty

Answer 25

Romagnola

Question 26

This english beef breed of cattle is brown, black, red, or dun, with a hairy coat. They have long horns and can utilize poor forage. They are bred to withstand harsh environments.

Answer 26

Scotch Highland

Question 27

This english beef breed from Scotland is black, red, or dun with a central white belt. Most are black and have a characteristic face: broad across the top. They are polled and have a curly coat.

Answer 27

Galloway/Belted Galloway

Question 28

This french continental beef breed is dark red in color, tolerates heat better than other colors, and is popular in the western US for cross breeding

Answer 28

Salers

Question 29

This swiss breed of beef cattle is red with a white face and markings, bigger, with a different conformation from the hereford in that it has straighter legs. They are known for having good bone and leg structure (large feet)

Answer 29

Simmental

Question 30

This swiss breed of beef cattle is used for "cow fights"

Answer 30

Eringer

Question 31

This beef breed is white, blue, black, or roan. It is *double-muscled* and has a **100% incidence of dystocia with** **70% delivered by C-section.** BUT, if you take a bull and breed it with a dairy cow or another beef breed, there is a very low incidence of dystocia!

Answer 31

Belgian Blue

Question 32

This Austrian beef breed is red with a white stripe down its back

Answer 32

Pinzgauer

Question 33

This beef breed of cattle has HUGE horns and you have to feed them more in cold climates because their horns dissipate heat!

Answer 33

Ankola-Watusi

Question 34

What are the 4 major duel purpose breeds?

Answer 34

Red Poll Milking Shorthorn Beef Fresian Normande

Question 35

90% of dairy cows are of this breed. They are usually black and white (but red and white is recessive). They have a high incidence of dystocia at **20%**. They have less butterfat/protein than other milk breeds. Red coated cattle tolerate heat better than the black and white ones.

Answer 35

Holstein-Freisian

Question 36

This breed of cow is the smallest of the dairy breeds. They are fawn or fawn and white in color. They are the ONLY breed that is increasing in number, have a LOW incidence of dystocia, but are the MOST predisposed to milk fever. Their milk is high in protein and butterfat compared to other dairy breeds.

Answer 36

Jersey

Question 37

This dairy breed of cattle are mostly gray in color, some may be brown. They are big and strong with good conformation of feet and legs. They are large and similar in size to a Holstein, but produce less milk. They have high butterfat milk. Some have white feet, and these have a higher incidence of lameness.

Answer 37

Brown Swiss

Question 38

This dairy breed of cattle is dark red and white and is known for being a **high protein breed**. They have small fat particles in their milk which is **recommended for human babies** because it is more easily digested

Answer 38

Aryshire

Question 39

This dairy breed of cattle produces **Alpha-2 Casein Milk.** There was a steep decline in the 70s of this breed due to cross breeding calves, which were born with less vigor and died. They originated from the Channel Islands off the coast of France.

Answer 39

Guernsey

Question 40

This type of english duel purpose breed comes in red, white, and roan. White heifers can have **segmental aplasia of the repro tract** which is known as **White Heifer Disease**. They are duel purpose- beef and dairy

Answer 40

English Shorthorn

Question 41

This breed of dairy cattle originated in Holland. They were brought over by PT Barnum and put in circus. They are black with a white central belt.

Answer 41

Dutch-Belted

Question 42

This breed of dairy cattle is a miniature breed. They have genetic abnormalities and can have "bulldog" calves. But....aren't they just the CUTEST?!?!

Answer 42

Miniature Dexter