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RUSVM LAM II Practice Questions > Small Ruminant Bacterial Diseases > Flashcards

Small Ruminant Bacterial Diseases Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What is the causative agent of foot rot?

A

Dichelobacter (bacteroides) nodosus

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2
Q

This breed of sheep is most susceptible to foot rot

A

Merino sheep

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3
Q

When trying to eradicate foot rot, you must remember that

the bacteria can survive in the environment for up to

______ weeks

A

2

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4
Q

A flock of merino sheep presents with lameness and is seen

grazing on their knees. Upon inspection,

you notice swelling and moistness of the interdigital cleft.

What is the condition and causative agent?

A

Foot Rot- Dichelobacter (bacteroides) nodosus

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5
Q

How is Foot Rot- Dichelobacter (bacteroides) nodosus

treated?

A

FOOT BATHING for 60 minutes Q5days in

2% Zinc Sulfate, 2% Sodium Laurel Sulfate

+

Parenteral ABx: Procaine Penicillin or Oxytetracycline

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6
Q

What is the etiology of caseous lymphadenitis?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

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7
Q

How is caseous lymphadenitis (Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis)

spread?

A

Via contact with a draining abscess

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8
Q

Sheep with caseous lymphadenitis

(Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis)

usually have ________ abscesses,

in the mediastinum or abdomen.

A

Sheep- INTERNAL abscesses

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9
Q

Goats with caseous lymphadenitis

(Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis)

usually have ________ abscesses,

around their head and neck

A

Goats- EXTERNAL lymph node abscesses

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10
Q

How is caseous lymphadenitis (Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis)

treated?

A

IT’S NOT!

You must CULL all infected animals

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11
Q

What is the causative agent of sheep and goat pinkeye?

A

Mycoplasma chlamydia

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12
Q

Pink eye (Mycoplasma chlamydia) is associated with

secondary infections with this

A

Branhamella (Moraxella) ovis

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13
Q

What are the risk factors for Pink eye (Mycoplasma chlamydia)?

A

Warm summer months

Long grass, flies

Recent introduction of new animals from sale barn

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14
Q

How is Pink eye (Mycoplasma chlamydia) treated?

A

Oxytetracycline - ointment or injectable(better systemic)

+

Flunixin

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15
Q

T/F:

Treatment of Pink eye (Mycoplasma chlamydia)

may prolong recovery and lead to quicker reinfection

A

TRUE!

(But tx anyway because condition is so painful)

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16
Q

T/F:

Pink eye (Mycoplasma chlamydia) cannot be transmitted to humans.

A

FALSE!

It is Zoonotic

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17
Q

Clostridium perfringens Type _____

affects lambs less than 3 weeks old

and occurs in crowded, dirty environments.

A

B

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18
Q

Clostridium perfringens Type _____

causes STRUCK in adult sheep on pasture.

A

C

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19
Q

Clostridium perfringens Type C causes

localized enterotoxemia of the small intestine

in adult sheep. This is commonly known as

20
Q

Clostridium perfringens Type _____

causes hemorrhagic enterotoxemia in

young lambs and kids less than 1 week old

21
Q

Pulpy Kidney is associated with Clostridium perfringens Type _____

22
Q

Clostridium perfringens Type D

is most common in

lambs _______ weeks old

23
Q

This type of Clostridium perfringens

usually affects the animals with the BEST body condition

that are growing most rapidly

24
Q

The finding of glucosuria in a moribund 6 week old lamb

with very good BCS would be presumptive evidence of

Study These Flashcards
A

Enterotoxemia caused by

Clostridium perfringens Type D

25
An inflammatory disease in the abomasal lining of sheep caused by the bacterium Clostridium septicum
Braxy
26
Braxy, caused by this type of clostridium is most common in **lambs 4 - 10 weeks old** OR **6 - 12 months old**
Clostridium septicum
27
Braxy, caused by **Clostridium septicum** is most common in lambs _____ weeks old OR \_\_\_\_\_ months old
Braxy, caused Clostridium septicum is most common in lambs **_4 - 10_** weeks old OR **_6 - 12_** months old
28
**Eating frosted forage** is a risk factor for clostridium ______ induced abomasal inflammatory disease
septicum
29
What is the causative agent of "Black Disease"
Clostridium NOVYI
30
What is the causative agent of "Black Leg"?
Clostridium CHAUVEOI
31
Black disease, caused by Clostridium novyi, is seen in animals _____ years of age
1 - 4 years
32
This acute, febrile, highly fatal disease of cattle and sheep is caused by **Clostridium chauvoei** (post injury/tail docking/castration) and is characterized by emphysematous swelling, commonly affecting heavy muscles (clostridial myositis). It is better known as:
Black LEG
33
What is the causative agent of "Big Head" of Rams?
Clostridium sordellii
34
Big Head, an acute, nongaseous, nonhemorrhagic, edematous, swelling of the head, face, and neck of young rams, is initiated from continual butting of one another resulting in injured tissue being easily infected by this bacteria.
Clostridium sordellii
35
Sawhorse stance is pathognomonic for
Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)
36
What are the risk factors for Tetanus (Clostridium tetani) in small ruminants?
Wounds Cohabitation with horses Tail binding or castration with rubber band
37
How does tail binding or castration with rubber band increase the risk of tetanus in small ruminants?
Risk is increased because this method creates a necrotic, anaerobic environment
38
What is the cause of death in animals with tetanus?
Starvation because they cannot eat due to trismus (lockjaw) and sawhorse stance (unable to move)
39
How is Tetanus (Clostridium tetani) treated?
Symptomatically with Penicillin and tube feeding
40
What is the tetanus vaccine schedule for sheep?
Vaccinate ewes during gestation (pass antibodies to lambs) Vaccinate after weaning: 2 doses, 2 months apart, with annual booster
41
What is the causative agent of bacterial pneumonia?
*Mannheimia haemolytica*
42
Why are lambs and ewes who have just lambed more at risk for bacterial pneumonia (Mannheimia haemolytica)?
The **stress** of lambing in conjunction with the high levels of **corticosteroids** resulting from pregnancy and parturition lead to **immunosuppression**, allowing (Mannheimia haemolytica) to proliferate and cause bacterial pneumonia
43
Why is bacterial pneumonia (Mannheimia haemolytica) seen in ruminants more often than horses?
Because (Mannheimia haemolytica) contains a **leukotoxin** that kills *only ruminant* WBCs so they cannot fight off the infection!
44
Adenovirus and parainflueza virus predispose ruminants to developing this
Bacterial Mannheimia pneumonia
45
An ewe who has just lambed presents with open mouth breathing, high fever, and frothing around the mouth. What is your primary ddx?
Bacterial pneumonia (Mannheimia haemolytica)
46
T/F: Mannheimia haemolytica is a normal inhabitant of the ovine nasopharynx, but under specific conditions, can proliferate and cause pneumonia
TRUE
47
How is bacteral mannheimia pneumonia treated?
High doses of Procaine Penicillin or Tetracycline

RUSVM LAM II Practice Questions (19 decks)

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