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RUSVM LAM II Practice Questions > Cattle Respiratory Diseases and Disorders > Flashcards

Cattle Respiratory Diseases and Disorders Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What is the etiology of Mycotic Nasal Granuloma?

A
  • Rhinosporidia spp.*
  • Helminthosporum spp.*
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2
Q

This fungal nasal condition in cows is

more common on irrigated pastures in warm/hot climates.

It is caused by a hypersensitivity reaction and results in the

signs like hemorrhage, head shaking, nasal rubbing,

and upper respiratory tract signs.

A

Mycotic Nasal Granuloma

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3
Q

How is Mycotic Nasal Granuloma treated?

A

NOT with Abx!

Use Systemic Iodine and/or Surgery

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4
Q

Which breed of cow is predisposed to allergic rhinitis?

A

Jersey

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5
Q

How is allergic rhinitis diagnosed?

A

Eosinophilia seen on nasal secretions

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6
Q

This type of sinusitis is associated with dehorning.

It can be avoided by getting polled breeds, or by

dehorning when they are calves when their horns have less

communication with that particular sinus.

A

Frontal sinusitis

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7
Q

This type of sinusitis is associated with horses with bad or infected teeth.

It can be caused by extension of infections such as

Actinomyces (bone)

or Actinobacillosis (soft tissue)

A

Maxillary sinusitis

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8
Q

In regards to sinusitis,

a bulge on the side of the face is due to ______ sinusitis

where as

a bulge between the eyes is due to _________ sinusitis

A

In regards to sinusitis,

a bulge on the side of the face is due to Maxillary sinusitis

where as

a bulge between the eyes is due to Frontal sinusitis

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9
Q

How is sinusitis treated?

A

Surgery, flush the sinus, and ANTIBIOTICS

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10
Q

What is the most common etiology of pharyngeal trauma and abscess?

A

Improper admin of pills per os

or

oral dewormers

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11
Q

What type of dyspnes would you expect in

a cow with pharyngeal trauma and abscess?

A

inspiratory dyspnea

(with stertor sounds due to swelling in the pharynx)

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12
Q

T/F:

Bloat can be a sign of pharyngeal trauma and abscess

A

TRUE!

Abscess or swelling of pharynx puts pressure,

and animal cannot swallow or let gas out

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13
Q

What are the 3 DDx associated with pharyngeal trauma and abscess?

A

Neoplasia (LSA in old animals)

Necrotic Laryngitis

Rabies

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14
Q

How do you treat pharyngeal trauma and abscess?

A

Drainage, flushing, and ABX

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15
Q

Calf Diphtheria is also known as

A

Necrotic Laryngitis

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16
Q

What is the etiology of Necrotic Laryngitis (Calf Diphtheria)?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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17
Q

Necrotic Laryngitis (Calf Diphtheria)

is more common in which type of cattle?

A

BEEF calves kept on wet, moist pasture

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18
Q

A beef calf out at pasture during the rainy season

has severe inspiratory dyspnea, LOUD stertor,

and fetid odor of the breath.

This has occurred acutely, and the calf is still nursing.

What is your most likely diagnosis?

A

Necrotic Laryngitis (Calf Diphtheria)

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19
Q

Necrotic Laryngitis (Calf Diphtheria)

can cause this problem in adult cattle

A

Foot rot

or

Liver Abscesses

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20
Q

What is used to treat Necrotic Laryngitis (Calf Diphtheria)?

A

Procaine Penicillin G

or

Oxytetracycline

+ NSAIDs

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21
Q

Tracheal Edema Syndrome is also known as _______

and is most common in steers in feedlots

A

Honker Syndrome

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22
Q

What 2 factors are required to cause

Cattle Shipping Fever (Bovine Respiratory Disease- BRD)?

A

STRESS

and the

ORGANISM

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23
Q

What are the 4 organisms part of the normal flora

that causes Cattle Shipping Fever (Bovine Respiratory Disease- BRD)

when conditions are right?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Mycoplasma*
  • Mannheimia*
  • Histophilus*
  • Pasteurella*
24
Q

_________ is the #1 factor contributing to Respiratory Disease

in cattle.

Study These Flashcards
A

COMINGLING

(Mixing of cattle = #1.

Shipping = #2)

25
How is weaning a stress factor for the development of Cattle Shipping Fever (Bovine Respiratory Disease- BRD)?
Separation anxiety in both the calf and cow results in the cow constantly calling for the calf. This causes damage to respiratory epithelium and allows pathogens to colonize. Also, calving causes immunosuppression which is another factor.
26
What are the 4 core vaccinations that cattle receive to prevent respiratory disease?
IBR Parainfluenza BRSV BVD
27
What is the etiology of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)?
*Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1)*
28
T/F: Dairy cattle are more prone to Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
FALSE! FEEDLOT cattle are more prone
29
A beef cow on a feedlot presents with a **VERY high fever** of 105F. She has **profuse serous nasal discharge**, but normal lung sounds are heard. On ocular exam, a **central corneal ulcer** is found. A couple other cows have **aborted** and have **pustules** on their vulvas. What is your primary differential?
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
30
This clinical sign of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) is more common in DAIRY cattle than in feedlot cattle with IBR.
Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis
31
How is Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) diagnosed?
Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) of ocular or nasal secretions
32
How is Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) treated?
**Antibiotics** (to prevent secondary bacterial infx) and **Intranasal vax** in the face of an outbreak
33
How is Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) prevented?
2 doses of vaccine 2 - 4 weeks apart, plus an annual booster in ALL FEMALES KEPT FOR BREEDING.
34
What is the etiology of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)?
Paramyxovirus
35
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) is usually seen in conjunction with this organism, leading to enzootic calf pneumonia
Mannheimia
36
How is Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) diagnosed and treated?
FA Testing- swab of mucosa Treated with ABx
37
T/F: Cows vaccinated for Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) can pass immunity to their calves.
TRUE! (protects for the first 2 months of life)
38
This bacterial disease occurs commonly in beef cattle and is a major cause of **economic loss in feedlots**. **All ages** are affected. Signs include: **mucopurulent nasal discharge**, crusty nose, **ocular dischage**, anorexia, fever, **expiratory grunt/dyspnea**, and **emphysema**.
Mannheimia Haemolytica (usually with Pasteurella)
39
What virulence factors are associated with *Mannheimia Haemolytica (Pasteurella)*?
LPS and **Leukotoxin**
40
T/F: Horses are susceptible to the affects of *Mannheimia haemolytica (pasteurella)*
FALSE! Mannheimia Leukotoxin only affects the WBCs of ruminants, NOT horses!
41
This bacteria, found in the normal bovine respiratory tract, can be associated with TEME, or Thromboembolic Meningoencephalitis. Clinical signs of TEME include: opisthotonos, recumbency, and beating their head on the ground.
*Histophilus somni*
42
This bacteria can cause a respiratory infection that can present with ear infections or mastitis.
*Mycoplasma*
43
How is Chlamydia treated in cattle?
Oxytetracycline
44
How is tuberculosis diagnosed?
Single intradermal test- look for swelling after injection of tuberculin antigen
45
How is tuberculosis treated in cattle?
It's NOT! You must TEST AND SLAUGHTER!
46
How do cows get tuberculosis?
Can get it from deer, and it is zoonotic, so can get it from humans (or humans can get it from cows)
47
What 2 things can interfere with a tuberculosis test in cows?
Avian tuberculin Paratuberculosis
48
Chronic coughing and nasal discharge as a result of Enzootic Pneumonia (BRSV) is seen more commonly in dairy calves due to ________ operations.
continuous flow
49
Enzootic pneumonia in calves is caused by BRSV but is often seen in conjunction with this organism
*Mannheimia*
50
What is the etiology of interstitial pneumonia- atypical pulmonary emphysema?
MOLD
51
What time of the year is interstitial pneumonia- atypical pulmonary emphysema most commonly seen?
Fall
52
In the late fall, a cow exhibits a slight fever and is anorexic. It has an *expiratory dyspnea* and you **feel crepitation on its back**. What is your primary differential?
interstitial pneumonia- atypical pulmonary emphysema due to MOLD
53
How is interstitial pneumonia- atypical pulmonary emphysema treated?
NO treatment! Change diet or pasture if noticed!
54
What is the intermediate host for "husk" (parasitic bronchitis and pneumonia)?
SNAILS
55
What are the 2 causative agents of Venal Caval Thrombosis and Metastatic Pneumonia, which can cause profuse nose bleeds and hemorrhage into the respiratory tract?
Mannheimia and Fusobacterium
56
Diaphragmatic hernias are more common in these types of cattle
*Bos indicus* and water buffalo
57
This lung condition is seen in premature newborn calves due to lungs that are underdeveloped (not enough surfactant). These calves are noisy at birth which is abnormal.
Pulmonary dysmaturation

RUSVM LAM II Practice Questions (19 decks)

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