CELL DEATH TERMS

Question 1

occurs after loss of blood supply or after an exposure to toxins

Answer 1

necrosis

Question 2

denaturation of intracellular proteins and enzymatic digestion of lethally injured cell

Answer 2

loss of membrane integrity and ultimately dissolution of cell

Question 3

leaked cellular contents often elicit a local host reaction

Answer 3

leakage of cellular contents

Question 4

cleans up cellular debris and starts repair process

Answer 4

inflammation

Question 5

condensation of nuclear material into a solid, darkly staining mass in a dying cell thickness, especially shrinking of cells through degeneration, also in apoptosis

Answer 5

pyknosis

Question 6

dissolution of nucleus by swelling or necrosis with the loss of its affinity for staining with basic dyes

Answer 6

karyolysis

Question 7

pyknotic nucleus undergoes fragmentation in which chromatin disintegrates into formless granules that are extruded from the cell

Answer 7

karyorrhexis

Question 8

red and dead, architecture of dead tissues preserved

Answer 8

coagulative

Question 9

characterized by digestion of dead cells resulting in transformation of tissue into liquid viscous mass, found in organs without connective tissue resulting in empty space produced due to tissue liquification; brain

Answer 9

liquefactive

Question 10

encountered most often in TB infection (granuloma) cheese like friable white appearance; lung

Answer 10

caseous

Question 11

in fatty organs and tissue, focal areas of destruction due to release of pancreatic lipase; acute pancreatitis, calcification; pancreas

Answer 11

fat

Question 12

programmed cell death following activation of internally controlled suicide program with minimal disruption of surrounding tissue

Answer 12

apoptosis

Question 13

pathway that uses the choice to determine whether or not apoptosis will occur based on the permeability of the mitochondria

Answer 13

mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathway

Question 14

large number of cells that express surface molecules called death receptors which trigger apoptosis (most belong to TNF receptor family)

Answer 14

death receptor (extrinsic) pathway

Question 15

name this intracellular accumulation

a normal endogenous substance is produced at a normal or increased rate, but the rate of
metabolism is inadequate to remove it

(ex. fatty change in liver)

Answer 15

Abnormal metabolism

Question 16

name this intracellular accumulation

accumulation of abnormal endogenous substance

Answer 16

protein mutation

Question 17

name this intracellular accumulation

normal endogenous substance accumulates because of defects in enzymes that are required for the metabolism of the substance and

seen in genetic diseases

Answer 17

lack of enzyme

Question 18

name this intracellular accumulation

accumulation of exogenous materials

carbon accumulation in lung tissue

Answer 18

ingestion of indigestible materials

Question 19

reversible fatty change usually in liver; excess accumulation of triglycerides resulting from excessive entry or defective metabolism and export of lipids

Answer 19

lipids

Question 20

intracellular accumulation of cholesterol within macrophages

Answer 20

cholesterol and cholesterol esters

Question 21

focal accumulations of cholesterol laden macrophages in lamina propria of gallbladder

Answer 21

cholersterolosis

Question 22

droplets in proximal renal tubules

Answer 22

resorption

Question 23

name this pigment

• telltale sign of free radical injury and lipid peroxidation (yellow-brown, finely granular, cytoplasmic, often perinuclear)

Answer 23

Lipofuscin (myocyte)

Question 24

name this pigment

-major form of iron storage (bone marrow, liver, spleen), formed by ferritin with local or systemic excess of iron (golden-brown, granular or crystalline)

Answer 24

Hemosiderin

Question 25

name this pigment

brown-black pigment

Answer 25

Melanin

Question 26

any alteration within cells or in the extracellular space which gives a homogenous glassy pink appearance in routine H&E stain (eosinophilic); specific marker for cell injury

Answer 26

Hyaline change

Question 27

deposition in NORMAL tissue, hypercalcemia (MN)

Answer 27

Metastatic calcification

Question 28

deposition of calcium in DEAD, DYING or DAMAGED (abnormal) tissue, serum calcium levels normal (DDD)

Answer 28

Dystrophic calcification

Question 29

present in cell, only allow processes to go on for a certain period of time

Answer 29

Clock genes

Question 30

cellular lifespan may be determined by the balance between cellular damage from metabolic events and the ability of the cell to repair the damage

Answer 30

Metabolic events