CNS PATHOLOGY HIGH YIELD II

Question 1

trauma to the brain can be caused by?

Answer 1

blows to the head
traumatic parenchymal injuries
traumatic vascular injury
sequelae of brain trauma-after effects

Question 2

repetitive blows to head can cause?

Answer 2

alzheimers and chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Question 3

what are the types of traumatic parenchymal injuries?

Answer 3

concussion
contussion
laceration
diffuse axonal injury

Question 4

coup and contra coup are examples of what type of parenchymal injury?

Answer 4

contusion

Question 5

what are the types of traumatic vascular injury?

Answer 5

epidural hematoma

subdural hematoma

Question 6

epidural hematoma caused due to laceration of?

Answer 6

middle meningeal artery

Question 7

subdural hematoma caused due to tearing of?

Answer 7

bridging veins

Question 8

sequelae of brain trauma examples?

Answer 8

post traumatic dementia and hydrocephalus
epilepsy
psychiatric disorders
infectious disease

Question 9

hypoxia/ischemia/infarction examples?

Answer 9

vascular disease
hypoxia
infarction

Question 10

what do we consider about vascular disease?

Answer 10

15% of cardiac output and 20% of oxygen

autoregulation

Question 11

categories of hypoxia?

Answer 11

functional hypoxia

ischemia

Question 12

functional hypoxia is?

Answer 12

low inspired PO2

Question 13

ischemia?
categorized?
types

Answer 13

decrease of tissue perfusion

transient
permanent

global cerebral ischemia
-severe hypotensive episode
focal cerebral ischemia
hemorrhage

Question 14

these cell types are most sensitive to hypoxia?

Answer 14

neurons

Question 15

global cerebral ischemia stages?

Answer 15

immediate
early
subacute
repair

Question 16

neurons most susceptible to irreversible injury?

Answer 16

pyramidal cells
purkinje cells
pyramidal neurons

Question 17

decrease in oxygenated blood to brain can result from?

factors modifying the amount of parenchymal injury?

Answer 17

cardiac dysrhythmias
shock
increased intracranial pressure

age
temp
duration

Question 18

focal cerebral ischemia can be considered an infarction, T/F?

Answer 18

true

Question 19

what are the types of focal cerebral ischemia?

Answer 19

non hemorrhagic cerebral infarction

hemorrhagic cerebral infarction