ch. 30

Question 1

In addition to seeds, what is common to all seed plants (4)

Answer 1

1) Reduced Gametophytes
2) Heterospory
3) Ovules
4) Pollen

Question 2

Reduced Gametophytes characteristics (2)

Answer 2

1) Gametophytes of seed plants are microscopic
2) Develop within walls of spores retained within the tissue of parent sporophyte to protect developing gametophyte

Question 3

Giant Gametophyte

Answer 3

Gametophyte: Dominant
Sporophyte: Reduced, depends of gametophyte for nutrition
Mosses and nonvascular plants

Question 4

Small Gametophyte

Answer 4

Gametophyte: Reduced, independent
Sporophyte: Dominant
seedless vascular plants

Question 5

Tiny Gametophyte

Answer 5

Gametophyte: Reduced, microscopic, dependent on sporophyte, in ovulate and pollen
Sporophyte: Dominant
Seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms)

Question 6

Homosporous

Answer 6

Plants that produce one kind of spore, usually produces bisexual gametophyte
Ex. Ferns

Question 7

Heterosporous

Answer 7

Produce two types of spores, which develop to either male or female gametophytes
Ex. Seed plants

Question 8

Microsporocytes (2n) give rise to

Answer 8

microspores (n) (meiosis)

Question 9

Gametophyte (n) produces

Answer 9

Gametes (mitosis)

Question 10

Megasporangia

Answer 10

1) produce megaspores that give rise to female gametophytes
2) develop on megasporophylls

Question 11

microsporangia

Answer 11

1) produce microspores that give rise to male gametophytes
2) develop on microsporophylls

Question 12

Chain of mega

Answer 12

Megasporophylls contain megasporangia containing megasporocytes which make megaspores

Question 13

chain of micro

Answer 13

microsporophylls contain microsporangia containing microsporocytes which make microspores

Question 14

Ovules consists of? (3)

Answer 14

Consist of:
1) Megasporangium (2n)
2) megaspore (n)
3) Integument (2n)
- 1 integument for gymnosperm
- 2 integument for angiosperm

Question 15

What is a pollen grain

Answer 15

a developed microspore that contains a male gametophyte

Question 16

What is pollination?

Answer 16

transfer of pollen to ovules

Question 17

Germinated pollen grain produces

Answer 17

Pollen tube that discharges sperm into female gametophyte in ovule

Question 18

Where are Gymnosperms seeds located?

Answer 18

Exposed on sporophylls that form cones

Question 19

Where are Angiosperm seeds located?

Answer 19

Found in fruits, mature ovaries

Question 20

Life cycle of pine (male)

Answer 20

1) Pollen cones contain microsporophyll which contain microsporangia
2) Within the microsporangia there are cells called microsporocytes that go through meiosis to make microspores
3) Microspores turn into pollen grain(n) which have male gametophyte

Question 21

Life cycle of pine (female)

Answer 21

1) Ovulate cones contain Megasporophylls(2n) that bear megasporangia(2n) and stem tissue
2) The megasporocytes in the megasporangia go through meiosis to produce haploid megaspores
3) Megaspores develop into female gametophytes which are retained in the megasporangia

Question 22

4 Gymnosperm phyla

Answer 22

1) Cycadophyta
2) Ginkgophyta
3) Gnetophyta
4) Coniferophyta

Question 23

Cycadophyta

Answer 23

1) Large cones and palm like leaves
2) Has flagellated sperm

Question 24

Ginkgophyta (3)

Answer 24

1) One living species, Ginkgo biloba
2) Has flagellated sperm
3) has high tolerance for air pollution

Question 25

Gnetophyta (2)

Answer 25

1) 3 genera: Gnetum, Ephedra, Welwitschia 2) Vary in appearance and location

Question 26

Ephedra

Answer 26

anxiety

Question 27

Sinica

Answer 27

psychosis

Question 28

Coniferophyta (3)

Answer 28

1) Largest of the gymnosperm 2) Mostly woody cones 3) Mainly evergreens

Question 29

Angiosperm (domain, kingdom, phylum)

Answer 29

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae Single Phylum: Anthophyta Flower and fruits

Question 30

What is the purpose of Flowers?

Answer 30

Angiosperm meant for sexual reproduction

Question 31

4 Floral organs

Answer 31

Sepals Petals Stamens Carpel

Question 32

Sepals characteristics (3)

Answer 32

Enclose the flower protect unopened floral buds resemble leaves

Question 33

explain the coloration of Petals

Answer 33

Bright color to attract pollinators or no color if wind pollinated

Question 34

Stamens characteristics(2)

Answer 34

1) Male reproductive organs 2) Contain filament, with a sac called anther

Question 35

Carpels characteristics(2)

Answer 35

1) Female Reproductive organs 2) Has an ovary at the base of a style leading up to stigma (where pollen is received) Fertilized ovules develop into seeds

Question 36

What do Stamens contain?

Answer 36

Contain filament, with a sac called anther

Question 37

What are microspores

Answer 37

produced in anthers, develop into pollen grains containing male gametophytes

Question 38

What is an Anther

Answer 38

sac on the stamen, produces and holds microspores (pollen)

Question 39

What are Pistil

Answer 39

Single carpel or two or more fused carpels

Question 40

Radial Symmetry

Answer 40

Any imaginary line through the central axis divides the flower into two equal parts

Question 41

Bilateral Symmetry

Answer 41

Flower can only be divided into two equal parts by a single imaginary line

Question 42

When do Fruits form? What is its function?

Answer 42

Formed when ovary wall thickens and matures Protects seeds and aid in dispersal

Question 43

Male gametophytes located where on Angiosperms

Answer 43

In pollen grains produced by the microsporangia of anther

Question 44

Female gametophyte located where on angiosperms

Answer 44

Within an ovule within an ovary at the base of a stigma

Question 45

Micropyle

Answer 45

Ovule is entered through a pore called the micropyle

Question 46

Double Fertilization

Answer 46

when pollen tube discharges two sperm into the female gametophyte within an ovule

Question 47

What starts the development of endosperm

Answer 47

One Sperm must fertilize the egg, the other combines with two polar nuclei in the central cell of female gametophyte

Question 48

Cotyledons

Answer 48

One/two seed leaves