Ch. 33 pt 1

Question 1

What are invertebrates?

Answer 1

animals that lack backbone

Question 2

what are the 4 feeding strategies?

Answer 2

1) filter feeder
2) mass feeder
3) deposit feeder
4) fluid feeder

Question 3

map sponges from kindom Animalia

Answer 3

subkingdom: Parazoa
phylum: Porifera

Question 4

Phylum Porifera characteristics (6)

Answer 4

1) Porifera (pore bearer)
2) Sponges
3) Lack tissues
4) Multicellular with several types of cells
5) No apparent symmetry
6) Adults are sessile, larvae are free-swimming

Question 5

what type of feeding strategy do sponges use?

Answer 5

filter feeding

Question 6

What is filter feeding?

Answer 6

Capturing food particles suspended in the water that pass through their body

Question 7

Explain water movement for sponges

Answer 7

Water is drawn through pores into a cavity called the spongocoel and out through an opening called the osculum

Question 8

What is an ostium?

Answer 8

an opening into a vessel or body cavity

Question 9

what is an osculum?

Answer 9

Main opening at the aboral end of sponges

Question 10

what are porocytes

Answer 10

cells that create the opening in sponges

Question 11

osculum (Latin origin)

Answer 11

mouth

Question 12

What are the 2 different cell types in sponges?

Answer 12

1) choanocytes
2) amoebocytes

Question 13

What separates the 2 cell layers in sponges?

Answer 13

gelatinous noncellular mesohyl layer

Question 14

Characteristics of choanocytes (3)

Answer 14

1) flagellated collar cells
2) generate water current through sponge
3) ingest suspended food

Question 15

characteristics of amoebocytes (5)

Answer 15

1) totipotent
2) found in mesohyl
3) play a role in digestion and manufacturing of skeletal fibers
4) absorb, digest, and carry food from choanocytes
5) move by pseudopodia

Question 16

choano

Answer 16

funnel

Question 17

What is the function of spicules?

Answer 17

structural support; mesohyle

Question 18

Explain sexual reproduction for sponges? (4)

Answer 18

1) most hermaphrodites produce egg and sperm
2) gametes from amoebocytes or choanocytes
3) fertilization occurs in mesohyl
4) larvae exit through the osculum

Question 19

Explain asexual reproduction for sponges?

Answer 19

via fragmentation
small fragment or bud detach and form new sponge

Question 20

what is sequential hermaphroditism?

Answer 20

function as one sex and then as the other

Question 21

Characteristics of Phylum Cnidaria (5)

Answer 21

1) radial symmetry
2) Diploblastic
3) gastrovascular cavity
4) single opening
5) true nerve cells arranged in nerve net

Question 22

What are the two types of body plans in Cnidaria?

Answer 22

1) sessile polyp
2) motile medusa

Question 23

What is a gastrovascular cavity?

Answer 23

extracellular digestion or incomplete gut
acts as hydrostatic skeleton in cnidarians

Question 24

sessile

Answer 24

stuck to one place; attached to a substrate

Question 25

polyp

Answer 25

a small growth with stalk

Question 26

motile

Answer 26

moving or movable

Question 27

How do cnidarians feed?

Answer 27

1) carnivores that use tentacles to capture prey 2) contain nemotocysts

Question 28

cnidocil

Answer 28

hair-like trigger

Question 29

what are cnidocytes?

Answer 29

contain trigger (cnidocil) and nematocyst that sting

Question 30

what controls movements in a cnidarian?

Answer 30

noncentralized nerve net

Question 31

hydro

Answer 31

water

Question 32

scyph

Answer 32

cup or can

Question 33

Anth

Answer 33

flower

Question 34

What are the 4 classes of Phylum Cnidaria?

Answer 34

1) hydrozoa (ex. hydra, and obelia) 2) scyphozoa (ex. jelly fish) 3) anthozoa (ex. sea anemone, and coral) 4) cubazoa (ex. box jellies)

Question 35

Characteristics of Ctenophora (comb jellies) (5)

Answer 35

1) 2 long tentacles without stinging cells that contain colloblasts 2) complete gut 3) calcareous particles 4) hermaphrodite 5) bioluminescent

Question 36

Act as orientation cue in Ctenophora

Answer 36

calcareous particles

Question 37

Collo

Answer 37

glue

Question 38

cteno

Answer 38

comb

Question 39

Characteristics of Class Cubazoa

Answer 39

1) have image-forming eyes (true organs) ex) box jellies

Question 40

What are the characteristics Phylum Platyhelminthes? (9)

Answer 40

1) Flatworms 2) Respire by diffusion: lack a specialized respiratory or circulatory system 3) distinct excretory system with protonephridia and flame cell 4) More centralized nervous system 5) Acoelomates (without body cavity) 6) bilaterally symmetrical with a head 7) Cerebral ganglia receive input 8) light-sensitive eyespots or ocelli 9) Sexual and asexual reproduction

Question 41

Platy

Answer 41

flat

Question 42

helminth

Answer 42

parasitic worm

Question 43

What are ocelli?

Answer 43

simple eye, eye spot

Question 44

a

Answer 44

without or non

Question 45

coel

Answer 45

body cavity

Question 46

Nephridia

Answer 46

Nephrons-Kidneys

Question 47

Planarians (3)

Answer 47

1) Live in fresh water and prey on small animals 2) Has ocelli and centralized nerve nets 3) Hermaphrodites and can reproduce sexually or asexually through fission

Question 48

Trematoda (3)

Answer 48

1) Are parasites 2) Parasitizes humans spend part of lives in snail hosts 3) Produce surface proteins that mimic their host and release molecules that manipulate that host's immune system

Question 49

Class Cestoda (6)

Answer 49

1) Tapeworms and parasites 2) head is called scolex in which there are several suckers 3) attach to intestinal walls of the host 4) absorb food that the host has digested 5) doesn't kill host but causes to loose weight 6) Divided into sections called proglottids

Question 50

Class Cestoda reproduction (3)

Answer 50

1) contain little more than male and female reproductive organs 2) Sperm fertilize the eggs within the proglottids 3) Fertilized eggs are released when mature proglottids break off and burst off and open

Question 51

Phylum Nemertea (3)

Answer 51

1) Mainly marine but a few inhabit fresh water 2) simple circulatory system (no heart) 3) complete digestive tract (separate anus and mouth) ex) Proboscis worms

Question 52

Phylum Rotifera (5)

Answer 52

1) tiny 2) marine 3) multicellular and have specialized organ systems 4) Complete digestive tract (alimentary canal) 5) Parthenogenesis unfertilized diploid eggs develop into females unfertilized haploid eggs become degenerate males that live long enough to produce sperm

Question 53

What is parthenogenesis?

Answer 53

when unfertilized diploid eggs develop into females

Question 54

Phylum Nematoda (2)

Answer 54

1) Have an alimentary canal 2) Lack circulatory system

Question 55

Trichinella spiralis

Answer 55

Is a parasite that can be acquired by humans from undercooked pork

Question 56

what is an alimentary canal?

Answer 56

digestive tube with separate mouth and anus