Ch 46 Pt 2

Question 1

In what phase does the thickening of the endometrium take place in?

Answer 1

Proliferative phase

Question 2

In what phase do glands develop that secrete nutritive substances to sustain the embryo?

Answer 2

Secretory phase

Question 3

Shedding of endometrium during ________ coordinates growth of new ovarian follicles

Answer 3

Menstrual flow phase

Question 4

Cells of the uterine lining can sometimes migrate to an abnormal location called?

Answer 4

Ectopic

Question 5

What is endometriosis?

Answer 5

A disorder where there is swelling of abdominal cells in response to hormone stimulation

Question 6

Cessation of ovulation and menstruation

Answer 6

Menopause
- Unusual among animals

Question 7

What is a characteristic only of humans and other primates

Answer 7

Menstrual cycles

Question 8

Characteristic of most animals

Answer 8

Estrous cycles

Question 9

characteristics of Estrous cycles (2)

Answer 9

1) Endometrium is reabsorbed by Uterus
2) Sexual receptivity is limited to a heat period

Question 10

Estrus

Answer 10

“Heat” period

Question 11

What are the 2 sexual reactions

Answer 11

1) vasocongestion: tissue filling with blood
2) myotonia: increased muscle tension

Question 12

Sexual Response cycle four phases?

Answer 12

1) Excitement
2) Plateau
3) Orgasm
4) Resolution

Question 13

What is the term for Sexual Intercourse

Answer 13

Coitus

Question 14

Direct stimulation of genitalia causes?

Answer 14

Maintaining of plateau phase and prepares vagina for receipt of sperm

Question 15

What is an Orgasm? male? female?

Answer 15

Rhythmic contraction of reproductive structures
male: semen released and ejaculated from urethra
female: uterus and outer vagina contract

Question 16

What is the Resolution phase?

Answer 16

Organs return to normal state and muscle relax

Question 17

What is Conception?

Answer 17

Fertilization of egg by sperm occurs in oviduct

Question 18

What happens to the zygote after conception?

Answer 18

Begins to divide by mitosis in process called cleavage

Question 19

What is a Blastocyst?

Answer 19

Ball of cells with central cavity

Question 20

What happens after blastocyst is formed?

Answer 20

Embryo implants into the endometrium

Question 21

What is the condition of carrying one or more embryos in the uterus

Answer 21

Pregnancy or Gestation

Question 22

What happens in the first trimester regarding hormone secretion?

Answer 22

Embryo secretes hormones (hCG) that signal presence and regulate mothers reproductive system

Question 23

What hormone maintains secretion of progesterone and estrogens during early pregnancy

Answer 23

Human Chorionic gonadotropin

Question 24

What is the term for a fertilized egg lodges in fallopian tube?

Answer 24

Ectopic pregnancy

Question 25

Where does embryo get its nutrients first 2 weeks

Answer 25

Endometrium

Question 26

What forms the placenta

Answer 26

Outer layer of blastocyst (trophoblast) mingles with endometrium

Question 27

How does blood get from the embryo to the placenta?

Answer 27

umbilical arteries (to placenta) and veins (from placenta)

Question 28

Splitting of embryo during first month of development result in?

Answer 28

Genetically identical twins Monozygotic

Question 29

Release and fertilization of two eggs results in?

Answer 29

Fraternal and genetically distinct twins Dizygotic

Question 30

The first trimester is the main period of what for a developing embryo?

Answer 30

organogenesis: development of organs

Question 31

What is needed for embryo to be fetus

Answer 31

All major structures present by 8 week

Question 32

5 changes that occur in mom during first trimester

Answer 32

1) Mucus plug in cervix to prevent infection 2) Growth of placenta and uterus 3) Cessation of ovulation and menstrual cycle 4) Breast enlargement 5) Nausea

Question 33

characteristics of Second trimester (3)

Answer 33

1) Fetus grows and is active 2) Hormone levels stabilize 3) Placenta takes over production of progesterone

Question 34

characteristic of Third trimester

Answer 34

1) Fetus grows and fills space within embryonic membranes

Question 35

How does childbirth begin?

Answer 35

Strong rhythmic uterine contractions

Question 36

What is labor regulated by?

Answer 36

Prostaglandins hormones: estradiol and oxytocin

Question 37

Labor 3 stages

Answer 37

1) thinning and opening of cervix (dilation) 2) Expulsion (delivery of baby) 3) Delivery of placenta

Question 38

Postnatal care in mammals includes?

Answer 38

Lactation: production of mothers milk

Question 39

What is the definition of Contraception?

Answer 39

Prevention of pregnancy

Question 40

Contraceptive methods fall in 3 method

Answer 40

1) Prevent release of egg and sperm 2) Keeping sperm and egg apart 3) Preventing implantation of an embryo

Question 41

Rhythm Method

Answer 41

Refrain from intercourse when conception is most likely

Question 42

Coitus Interruptus

Answer 42

Pullout gang

Question 43

What does the Barrier method consist of?

Answer 43

condom or diaphragm

Question 44

What are Intrauterine devices?

Answer 44

Inserted in uterus and interfere with fertilization

Question 45

Birth control pills

Answer 45

Hormonal contraceptives

Question 46

Latex condoms unique ability

Answer 46

Prevents STDs

Question 47

what surgery ties off oviducts

Answer 47

tubal ligation

Question 48

What is a Vasectomy?

Answer 48

Ties of van deferenes

Question 49

What can be used to detect disorders in pregnancy?

Answer 49

1) ultrasound: detect fetal condition 2) amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling: needle obtains fetal cells for genetic analysis 3) Mothers blood: contains DNA from embryo

Question 50

What is the most significant preventable cause of infertility?

Answer 50

STD's

Question 51

What is IVF

Answer 51

in vitro fertilization mixes egg and sperm in a culture dish and returned to the uterus at 8 cell stage