Ch 8 Cognitive views

Question 1

general knowledge

Answer 1

applicable across a variety of situations/tasks (reading, writing, comp.)

Question 2

domain-specific knowledge

Answer 2

about a particular task or subject

Question 3

declarative knowledge

Answer 3

stated in verbal form

Question 4

procedural knowledge

Answer 4

cannot be articulated, but you know how to express by doing

Question 5

conditional knowledge

Answer 5

knowing when/why to use declarative/procedural

Question 6

working memory: central executive

Answer 6

responsible for monitory/directing attention to other mental resources

Question 7

working memory: phonological loop

Answer 7

system; 1.5 sec worth of info and looping it

Question 8

visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 8

holding system for visual/spatial info

Question 9

chunking

Answer 9

grouping together related items so more can be remembered

Question 10

long-term memory

Answer 10

explicit and implicit

Question 11

semantic (explicit)

Answer 11

memory for meaning

Question 12

propositions (semantic)

Answer 12

smallest unit of info that can be judged true/false

Question 13

propositional network (semantic)

Answer 13

set of interconnected concepts and relationships in which long-term knowledge is held

Question 14

schemata/schemas

Answer 14

basic structures for organizing in info; concepts

Question 15

script ( semantic schemas)

Answer 15

schema for a sequence of steps in a common event

Question 16

story grammar (semantic)

Answer 16

schema for structure of category stories

Question 17

episodic (explicit)

Answer 17

recollections of specific personal incidents (autobiographical episodes)

Question 18

procedural (implicit)

Answer 18

memories not necessarily articulated (know how to express by doing)

Question 19

(maintenance) rehearsal

Answer 19

repeating info to yourself

Question 20

elaboration

Answer 20

adding/extending meaning by connecting new info to existing knowledge

Question 21

organization

Answer 21

provision of structure to info

Question 22

mnemonics

Answer 22

techniques for remembering the art of memory

Question 23

loci method

Answer 23

technique of associating items w/specific places

Question 24

keyword method

Answer 24

systems of associating new words/concepts w/similar-sounding cue words and images

Question 25

capacity of short-term and sensory memory

Answer 25

s-t: 15-20 sec

s:

Question 26

automaticity

Answer 26

result of learning to perform a behaviour so thoroughly it becomes automatic

Question 27

intrinsic cognitive load

Answer 27

resources required by task itself, regardless of other stimuli

Question 28

extrinsic cognitive load

Answer 28

resources required to process stimuli irrelevant to task

Question 29

germane cognitive load

Answer 29

deep processing of info related to task, including application of prior knowledge to new task

Question 30

priming

Answer 30

activating a concept in memory or the spread of activation from one concept to another