Two branches of science that deal with body’s parts and function
Anatomy & Physiology
Anatomy
The science of body structures and relationships
- First studies by dissection (cutting apart)
- Imaging techniques
Physiology
The science of body functions
Basic Life Processes (6)
1) metabolism
2) responsiveness
3) movement
4) growth
5) differentiation
6) reproduction
Descriptions of the human body assume a specific stance - Anatomical position (6)
body upright
standing erect facing observer
head & eyes facing forward
feet are flat on the floor & forward
upper limbs to sides
palms turned forward
Terms for a reclining body (2)
1) prone
2) supine
Prone position
body is lying face down
Supine position
body is lying face up
Directional Terms
describe the?
position of one body part relative to another
group in pairs with opposite meaning
Directional Terms for front & back
anterior (front) view
posterior (back) view
___________ Nearer to the front of the body
anterior
___________Nearer to the back of the body
posterior
___________Toward the head
superior
___________Away from the head
inferior
___________Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk
proximal
___________Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk
distal
___________Farther from the midline
lateral
___________Nearer to the midline
medial
____ between 2 structures
intermediate
__________ same side as another structure
ipsilateral
__________ opposite side as another structure
contralateral
__________ toward or on surface of body
superficial (external)
________away from surface of body
deep (internal)
Most Principal Regions (5)
Head
Neck
Trunk
Upper Limbs
Lower Limbs
Head Region
skull & face
Neck Region
Supports the head and attaches to trunk
Trunk Region
chest, abdomen, pelvis
Upper Limb Region
attaches to trunk (shoulder, armpit & arm)
Lower Limb Region
attaches to trunk (buttock, thigh, leg, ankle & foot)
Planes
imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body parts
