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KIN 260 > Chapter 10 - Muscular Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Muscular Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

(3) types of muscular tissue

A

skeletal

cardiac

smooth

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2
Q

skeletal muscle

moves?

striated?

voluntary/involuntary?

A

moves bones

striated

works in voluntary manner but also controlled **subconsciously **

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3
Q

**Cardiac **Muscle

found where?

striated?

voluntary/involuntary action?

A

found **only **in walls of the heart

striated

involuntary

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4
Q

**Smooth **Muscle

located?

striated?

involuntary/voluntary action?

A

located in **walls of hollow internal structure **(blood vessels, airways & many organs)

lacks striations

usually involuntary

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5
Q

Functions of **Muscular Tissue **(4)

A

1) producing body movements
2) stabilizing body positions
3) moving substances within body
4) generating heat

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6
Q

Properties of Muscular Tissue (4)

A

1) electrical excitability
2) contractibility
3) extensibility (stretch)
4) Elasticity (can return to normal length)

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7
Q

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

connective tissue components

A

Fascia

Epimysium

Perimysium

Endomysium

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8
Q

Fascia

A

Dense sheet or broad band of irregular connective tissue that surrounds muscles

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9
Q

(3) layers of connective tissue extend from fascia to protect & strengthen skeletal muscle

A

1) Epimysium
2) Perimysium
3) Endomysium

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10
Q

1) Epimysium

A

The outermost layer of dense irregular connective tissue

circles entire muscle

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11
Q

2) Perimysium

A

Separates 10-100 muscle fibers into bundles called fascicles

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12
Q

3) Endomysium

A

penetrates interior of each fasicle & seperates individual muscle fibers from one another (mostly reticular fibers)

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13
Q

Tendon

A

cord that attached muscle to a bone

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14
Q

Aponeurosis

A

connective tissue elements extend as broad flat sheet

(broad flattened tendon)

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15
Q

Neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle to contract are ____________motor neurons

The axon of a somatic motor neuron typically ____________many times, with each ___ extending to a different skeletal muscle fiber

A

somatic

branches

branch

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16
Q

The ____________of skeletal muscle fibers is set before you are born

(most of these cells last a lifetime)

A

number

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17
Q

Muscle growth occurs by?

A

**muscular hypertrophy **- an enlargement of existing muscle fibers

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18
Q

What can stimulate hypertrophy?

A

**Testosterone **& **Human Growth Hormone **

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19
Q

what cells retain the capacity to regenerate damaged muscle fibers ?

A

satellite cells

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20
Q

The plasma membrane of a muscle cell

A

sarcolemma

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21
Q

Tiny invaginations of sarcolemma

Tunnel in from the plasma membrane

Muscle action potentials travel through

A

Transverse (T Tubules)

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22
Q

the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

includes glycogen used for synthesis of ATP and a red-colored protein called ____ which binds oxygen molecules

A

Sarcoplasm

Myoglobin

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23
Q

**Myoglobin **& oxygen?

A

protein that binds oxygen and releases it when it is needed for ATP production

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24
Q

Thread like structures within the sarcoplasm which have a contractile function

A

myofibrils

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25
Q

membranous sacs which encircles each myofibril

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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26
Q

dilated end sacs that butt against T-tubules from both sides

Stores calcium ions (Ca++)

& releases to trigger muscle contraction

A

terminal cisterns of

Sacoplasmic Reticulum

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27
Q

**(myo)filaments **

A

smaller protein structures within myofibrils that function in the contractile process

**thin **and thick

(2 **thin **for every thick)

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28
Q

compartments of arranged filaments

basic functional unit of a myofibril

A

Sarcomeres

(extend from one Z disc to another)

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29
Q

Narrow plate-shaped region of dense protein material

Separate one sarcomere from the next

A

Z discs

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30
Q

Thick and thin filaments overlap one another but the extent of overlap depends on?

A

whether muscle is contracted, relaxed or stretched

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31
Q

Darker middle part of sarcomere that extends entire length of thick filaments & includes parts of thin filaments that overlap thick filaments

A

A band

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32
Q

Zone of Overlap

A

toward each end of A band where thin & thick filaments lie side by side

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33
Q

lighter, less dense area of sarcomere that contains **thin **but no thick filaments

Z discs passes through center of each

A

I band

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34
Q

center of each A band which contains **thick **but no thin filaments

A

H zone

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35
Q

M line

A

supporting proteins that hold thick filaments together in H zone

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36
Q

Myofibrils are built from (3) kinds of proteins

A

1) contractile
2) regulatory
3) structural

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37
Q

Contractile proteins (2)

A

1) Myosin
2) Actin

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38
Q

Myosin

A

thick filaments

Functions as a motor protein (can achieve motion)

Convert ATP to energy of motion

Projections of each myosin molecule protrude outward (myosin head)

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39
Q

Actin

A

Thin filaments

**actin molecules **provide a site where a myosin head can attach

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40
Q

Myosin

head vs tail.

A

head - shaped like 2 golf clubs & protrude outward towards thin filaments

**tail - **point toward M line in center of sarcomere

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41
Q

Other parts of thin filaments other than actin

A

Tropomyosin and troponin are also part of the thin filament

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42
Q

In relaxed muscle

Myosin is blocked from binding to **actin. **Why?

How do can muscle contractions occur?

A

**WHY? - ** because trands of tropomyosin cover the myosin-binding sites (held in place by troponin)

Calcium ion binding to troponin moves tropomyosin away from myosin- binding sites

Allows muscle contraction to begin as myosin binds to actin

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43
Q

Structural Proteins (2)

A

1) Titin
2) Dystrophin

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44
Q

1) Titin

A

stabilize position of myosin

accounts for much of the elasticity & extensibilituy of myofibrils

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45
Q

2) Dystrophin

A

links thin filaments to sarcolemma

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46
Q

Sliding Filament Mechanism

A

myosin heads attach to and “walk” along thin filaments at both ends of sarcomere

**pulling thin filaments toward center of sarcomere **

Z discs come closer together & sarcomere shortens leading to shortening of entire muscle

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47
Q

** Length–Tension Relationship **

___ of muscle contraction depends on __ of ___

A

forcefulness of muscle contraction depends on length of sarcomeres

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48
Q

When muscle fiber is stretched,

what happens to **overlap **and **tension (forcefulness) **?

A

LESS overlap between thick & thin filaments

tension is diminished

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49
Q

When a muscle fiber is shortened,

what happens to filaments and tension?

A

filaments are compressed (thick filaments crumple as they are compressed against Z discs)

fewer myosin heads make contact with thin filaments

**tension **is diminished

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50
Q

Neuromuscular Junction

A

synapse between a somatic motor neuron & a skeletal muscle fiber

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51
Q

Where communication occurs between a somatic motor neuron and a muscle fiber

A

synapse

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52
Q

Gap that separates the two cells

A

synaptic cleft

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53
Q

Chemical released by the initial cell communicating with the second cell

A

neurotransmitters

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54
Q

sacs suspended within the synaptic end bulb containing molecules of the neurotransmitter ______

A

Synaptic Vesicles

contain** ​acetylcholine (Ach) **

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55
Q

The region of the muscle cell membrane opposite the synaptic end bulbs that contains Acetylcholine receptors

A

Motor End Plate

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56
Q

The tension or force of muscle cell contraction varies and is dependant on (4)

A

1) The rate at which nerve impulses arrive (impulses/sec) - frequency of stimulation
2) The amount of stretch before contraction
3) The nutrient and oxygen availability
4) The size of the **motor unit **

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57
Q

Motor Units consists of a __ ___ and the __ __ it stimulates

A

motor neuron

muscle fibers

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58
Q

The axon of a motor neuron branches out forming __ ___ with different muscular fibers (about 150)

A

neuromuscular junctions

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59
Q

Control of precise movements consist of **many small motor units **

How many muscle fibers per motor unit for:

1) voice production muscles
2) muscle controlling eye movement
3) muscles in arm & leg

A

1) 2-3
2) 10-20
3) 2000-3000

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60
Q

The total ____________of a contraction depends on the size of the motor units and the **number that are activated **

A

strength

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61
Q

A small amount of ____________in the muscle due to weak contractions of motor units

Small groups of motor units are alternatively active and inactive in a constantly shifting pattern to sustain muscle ____________ to keep skeletal muscle firm

A

tautness (tension)

tone

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62
Q

(2) types of contractions

A

1) isotonic
2) isometric

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63
Q

**Isotonic **Contraction

A

tension developed remains constant while the muscle changes its length

Used for body movements and for moving objects

*ie. Picking a book up off a table *

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64
Q

Isometric Contraction

A

The tension generated is not enough for the object to be moved and the muscle does not change its length

tension **increases **without a change in muscle length

Holding a book steady using an outstretched arm

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65
Q

(2) types of isotonic contraction

A

1) concentric
2) eccentric

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66
Q

**concentric **isotonic contraction

A

tension generated is great enough to overcome resistance of object to be moved, muscle **shortens **& pulls on another structure to produce movement & to reduce angle at a joint

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67
Q

**eccentric **muscle contraction

A

length of muscle **increases **

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68
Q

Muscle fibers vary in their content of ___

A

**myoglobin **- red-coloured protein that binds oxygen in muscle fibers

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69
Q

Red Muscle Fibers

A

skeletal muscle fibers that have a **high myoglobin content **

  • appear darker (dark meat in chicken legs & thighs)

contain **more mitochondria **

supplied by more blood capillaries

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70
Q

White Muscles Fibers

A

Have a low myoglobin content

Appear lighter (white meat in chicken breasts)

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71
Q

Muscle fibers contract at different speeds, and vary in how quickly they fatigue.

Muscle fibers are classified into (3) main types based on structural & functional characteristics.

A

1) Slow oxidative (SO) fibers
2) **Fast oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) **fibers
3) Fast glycolytic **(FG) **fibers

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72
Q

1) Slow oxidative (SO) fibers

diameter size?

power?

appearance?

generate ATP by?

speed of contraction?

time until fatigue?

for what activities?

A

smallest

least powerful

dark red (more myoglobin)

mainly aerobic cellular respiration

slow contraction speed (last 100-200 msec)

very resistant to fatigue

capable of prolonged, sustained contractions for many hours

adapted for **maintaining posture, aerobic, endurance-type **activities (running marathons)

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73
Q

2) Fast oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) fibers

diameter?

contains? appearance?

generates ATP by?

resistance to fatigue?

speed of contraction?

contribute to which activities?

A

**intermediate **diameter size

lots of myoglobin & many **blood capillaries **

**aerobic cellular respiration **but also anaerobic glycolysis

moderately high resistance to fatigue

**faster **contraction speed ( < 100 msec)

walking & sprinting

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74
Q

3)** Fast glycolytic (FG) **fibers

diameter?

strength?

contains? appearance?

generates ATP by?

resistance to fatigue?

adapted for?

A

**largest **

most powerful contractions

low **myoglobin, fewbloodcapillaries&mitochondria**

white in colour

mainly by **glycolysis **

fibers contract strongly & quickly

fatigue quickly

intense anaerobic movements of short duration (weight lifting)

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75
Q

Most muscles are a mixture of all 3 types of muscle fibers

Proportions vary, depending on ….(3)

A

1) action of the muscle

2) the person ’s training regimen

3) genetic factors

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76
Q

Postural muscles of the neck, back, and legs have a high proportion of ____________fibers

A

slow-oxidative (SO)

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77
Q

Muscles of the shoulders and arms have a high proportion of ____________fibers

A

**Fast-Glycolytic (FG) **

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78
Q

Leg muscles have large numbers of both ____________and ____________fibers

A

**Slow-Oxidative (SO) **and **Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic (FOG) **

79
Q

Various types of exercises can induce changes in muscle fibers

1) ____________exercise transforms some FG fibers into FOG fibers (does not increase muscle mass)

A

1) endurance

80
Q

Exercises that require short bursts of strength produce an increase in the size of ___ fibers

A

**Fast Glycolytic **(FG)

81
Q

1) Individuals with a higher proportion of FG fibers excel in ____________activity ( 2 examples)
2) Individuals with higher percentages of SO fibers excel in ____________activities (2 examples)

A

**1) intense **activity (weight lifting, sprinting)

**2) endurance **activity (long-distance running)

82
Q

Muscle enlargement (hypertrophy) due to increased…

A

synthesis of thick and thin filaments

83
Q

Cardiac Muscle Tissue is the principal tissue in the ___ wall

A

**heart **wall

84
Q

**Cardiac **Muscle Tissue

what connects the ends of cardiac muscle fibers to one another?

A

intercalated discs

85
Q

Cardiac Muscle fibers have the same arrangedment of actin & myosin & same bands, zones & Z discs as skeletal muscle fibers but **intercalated discs **are unique to cardiac muscle fibers.

These discs contain (2)

A

1) **desmosomes **- hold fibers together
2) **gap junctions - **allow muscle action potentials to spread from one cardiac muscle fiber to anotehr

86
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue contracts when stimulated by its own ____________muscle fibers

A

autorhythmic

87
Q

major physiological difference between cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue

A

continuous, rhythmic activity

88
Q

Contractions of cardiac muscle last ___ than a skeletal muscle twitch

A

longer

89
Q

Cardiac muscle depends on _____ to generate ATP

A

aerobic respiration

many mitochondria

requires constant supply of oxygen

90
Q

Smooth Muscle Tissue

usually activated ___

Action potentials are spread through the fibers by ____________junctions

Fibers are stimulated by certain ___ , __, or ___ signals

A

involuntarily

**gap **junctions

neurotransmitter, hormone or autorhythmic signals

91
Q

**Smooth Muscle Tissue **

is found in the walls of? (4)

& muscles that attach/adjust? (3)

A

walls of arteries, veins, hollow organs, airways to lungs

muscles that attach to hair follicles, adjust pupil diameter & adjust focus on lens in eye

92
Q

**Smooth Muscle **contains …? arrangement?

A

both **thick **and **thin filaments **

not arranged in sarcomeres

no regular pattern of overlap (not striated)

contains only **small amount of stored Ca2+ **

93
Q

In Smooth muscle fibers, thin filaments attach to?

A

**dense bodies **& stretch from one dense body to another

94
Q

**Dense bodies **of smooth muscle tissue

function?

A

function in same way as Z discs

during contraction, filaments pull on **dense bodies **causing shorting of muscle fiber

95
Q

Contraction of smooth muscle lasts ____________than skeletal muscle contraction

initiated by? from?

A

longer (starts more slowly)

initiated by **Ca2+ **flow primarily from interstitial fluid & SR

Ca2+ moves slowly out of muscle fiber delaying relaxation

96
Q

Smooth Muscle

Able to sustain long-term muscle tone because?

A

Prolonged presence of Ca++ in the cell provides for a state of continued partial contraction

97
Q

Smooth Muscle is imporant in (2)?

A

Gastrointestinal tract where a steady pressure is maintained on contents of the tract

In walls of blood vessels which maintain a steady pressure on blood

98
Q

Most smooth muscle fibers contract or relax in response to? (4)

A

1) action potentials from autonomic nervous sytem
2) in response to stretching
3) hormones
4) changes in pH, oxygen & CO2 levels

99
Q

Muscles of the body are derived from ____________

A

**mesoderm **except muscles of iris & arrector pili

100
Q

As the mesoderm develops it becomes arranged in dense columns on either side of the developing spinal cord

These columns undergo?

A

segmentation into a series of cube-shaped structures (somites)

101
Q

The cells of a **somite **differentiate into (3) regions

A

1) myotome
2) dermatome
3) scleratome

102
Q

1) myotome
2) dermatome
3) scleratome

A

1) Forms skeletal muscles of head, neck, and **limbs **
2) Forms the connective tissues, including dermis of skin
3) gives rise to the vertebrae

103
Q

Cardiac muscle and smooth muscle develop from migrating mesoderm cells that migrate to & envelop developing ___

A

**cardiac muscle- **migrate to & envelop developing **heart while it is still in the form of endocardial heart tubes **

**smooth muscle - **migrate to & envelop developing gastrointestinal tract & viscera

104
Q

the attachment of a tendon to the stationary bone

A

origin

105
Q

the attachment of the muscle’s other tendon to the movable bone

A

insertion

106
Q

the main movements of a muscle that occur during contraction

A

actions

107
Q

** rigid structure (1)** that can move around a fixed point (2)

A

1) lever
2) fulcrum

108
Q

A lever is acted on at two different points by **(2) different forces: **

A

1) **effort - **causes movement
2) **load **or **resistance **- opposes movement

109
Q

1) force due to muscular contraction
2) weight that is moved

A

1) effort (E)
2) load or resistance

110
Q

Motion occurs when?

A

the effort applied to bone at insertion exceeds load.

111
Q

** (3) types of levers** that differ on the positions of the fulcrum, effort, and load

A

first-class levers - fulcrum between effort & load

**second-class levers - load **between fulcrum & effort

third-class levers - ****effort **between fulcrum & load

112
Q

origin

A

attachement to stationary end of muscle

113
Q

belly (body)

A

thickerm middle region of muscle

114
Q

insertion

A

attachement to mobile end of muscle

115
Q

All muscle fibers are parallel to one another within a single fascicle.

However, fascicles form **patterns **with respect to tendons (5)

A

1) parallel
2) fusiform
3) circular
4) triangular
5) pennate

116
Q

thick in middle and tapered at ends

**(biceps brachii) **

A

fusiform

117
Q

parallel fascicles

**(rectus abdominis) **

A

parallel

118
Q

broad at origin and tapering to a narrower insertion

A

triangular

119
Q

fascicles insert obliquely on a tendon

A

multipennate

120
Q

fascicles arranged:

1) only on 1 side of tendon
2) both sides of centrally positioned tendon

A

1) unipennate
2) bipennate

121
Q

ring around body opening

A

circular

122
Q

**prime mover (agonist) **

A

produces most of force

contracts & causes action

123
Q

syngergists

A

aid **prime mover **(located close)

stabilizes nearby joint to prevent unwanted movement

124
Q

antagonist

A

opposes prime mover

preventing excessive movement & injury

125
Q

fixator

A

stabilize origin of **prime mover **

prevents movement of bone

126
Q

It is common to attribute a specific action at a joint to a single muscle bundle, but muscles do not work in _____________

Movements usually result from several skeletal muscles acting as a group. Most skeletal muscles are arranged in _____________ (antagonistic) pairs at joints

In an opposing muscle pair, one is called the prime mover or agonist and is responsible for the action, while the other muscle called the _____________ stretches and yields to effects of the agonist

To prevent unwanted _____________ at other joints or to otherwise aid the movement of the agonist, muscles called _____________ contract and stabilize the intermediate joints.

Other muscles act as _____________ , stabilizing the origin of the agonist so that the agonist is more efficiently

A

isolation

opposing

antagonist

movement

synergists

fixators

127
Q

Muscles of facial expression

located?

originate? insert?

A

lie within subcutaneous layer

originate in fascia or skull bones

insert into skin

128
Q

Because of their insertions, the muscles of facial expression move the ____________rather than a ____________when they contract.

A

**skin **rather than a joint

129
Q

Facial expression muscles innervated by?

A

facial (VII) nerve (CN VII)

130
Q

(6) extrinsic eye muscles control movements of each eyeball.

(originate on outside of eyeballs in bony orbit & insert on outer surface of sclera)

A

superior recti

inferior recti

lateral recti

medial recti

superior oblique

inferior oblique

131
Q

superior rectus

A

moves eye **superiorly & medially **(elevation & adduction)

rotates eye medially

132
Q

inferior rectus

A

moves eye inferiorly (depression) & medially (adduction) & rotates medially

133
Q

lateral & medial rectus

A

move eye laterally (abduction) & medially (adduction)

134
Q

inferior oblique

A

elevation & abduction & rotates laterally

135
Q

superior oblique

A

depression, abduction & rotates medially

136
Q

Recti muscles of the eye have obvious actions.

The actions of the (2) oblique eye muscles can’t be deduced from their names.

origin & insertion of oblique eye muscles

A

1) superior oblique

origin: sphenoid, superior & medial to tendinous ring in orbit

**insertion: **between superior & lateral recti (via tendon that passes through trochlea)

2) inferior oblique

**origin: **maxilla in floor of orbit

**insertion: **between inferior & lateral recti

137
Q

levator palpebrae superioris

origin, insertion, action

A

does not move eyeball

origin: roof of orbit

**insertion: **skin of upper eyelids

**actions: **elevates upper eyelid (opens eyes)

138
Q

Muscles of the tongue

(2) types

A

1) **intrinsic **- alter shape of tongue
2) extrinsic -move tongue, connect tongue to hyoid, styloid process, palate & inside of chin

139
Q

(4) extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

genioglossus - down & forward

styloglossus - up & backward

Hyoglossus - down & flattens

Palatoglossus - raises posterior portio

140
Q

**Muscles of Mastication (4) **

A

Masseter - close mouth

Temporalis - elevate & retract

Medial Pterygoid - elevate, protrude, side to side

Lateral Pterygoid - protract, depress (open), side to side

141
Q

**Muscles of Mastication **

arise from?

insert on?

A

arise from **temporomandibular joint (TMJ) **insert on **mandible **

142
Q

Temporalis and Masseter _________ the mandible

Medial and Lateral Pterygoids help elevate, but produce ________ swinging of jaw

A

close

side to side

143
Q

The ____________, ____________, and medial ____________account for the strength of the bite.

The medial and lateral ____________muscles help to chew by moving the mandible from side to side. Additionally, these muscles protract (protrude) the mandible.

A

Masseter, Temporalis & medial pterygoid

pterygoid

144
Q

swallowing & speech

(2) main muscle groups in the anterior neck

A

**1) suprahyoid **- superior to hyoid

**2) infrahyoid **- inferior to hyoid

145
Q

Both Suprahyoid & Infrahyoid muscles ___ the hyoid bone, allowing it to serve as a firm base on which the __can move.

A

stabilize

tongue

146
Q

**Muscles of the neck that move the head **

e head articulates with the vertebral column at joints formed by the ____________& ____________bone.

A

atlas & occipital

147
Q

An important landmark (the ____________muscle) divides the sides of the neck into two major triangles: anterior and posterior

A

Sternocleidomastoid

148
Q

Muscles of the neck that move the head (5)

A

sternocleidomastoid

semispinalis capitis

splenius capitis

longissimus capitis

spinalis capitis

149
Q

**Muscles of the Abdomen (protect the viscera and move the vertebral column) **

The ____________abdominal wall includes the external oblique, internal oblique, and ____________abdominis muscles which form 3 protective layers around the abdomen

A

anterolateral

transversus

150
Q

The aponeuroses of the external & internal oblique & transversus abdominis form the ____________ which enclose the?

A

rectus sheaths

rectus abdominis muscles

151
Q

the rectus sheaths form the ___ ___

A

linea alba

a connective tissue band extending from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis

152
Q

Muscles of the Thorax that Assist in Breathing (3)

A

1) diaphragm
2) external intercostals
3) internal intercostals

153
Q

most important respiratory muscle

A

diaphragm

154
Q

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor (3)

A

Levator Ani (pubococcygeus & iliococcygeus)

Ischiococcygeus

155
Q

the levator ani & ischiococcygeus together with the fascia covering their internal & external surfaces are referred to as the?

A

pelvic diaphragm

156
Q

a diamond-shaped area inferior to the pelvic diaphragm that extends from the pubic symphysis anteriorly, to the coccyx posteriorly, and to the ischial tuberosities laterally.

A

perineum

157
Q

(2) layers of perineal muscles

A

1) deep
2) superficial

158
Q

superficial perineal muscles (3)

A

superficial transverse perineal

bulbospongiosus

ischiocavernosus

159
Q

Deep muscles of perineum (5)

A

deep transverse perineal

external anal sphincter

compressor urethrae

sphincter urethrovaginalis

external anal sphincter

160
Q

deep muscles of the perineum assist in ?

A

urination and ejaculation in males and urination and compression of the vagina in females

161
Q

Muscles of the Thorax that Move the Pectoral Girdle

(2) groups

A

1) anterior thoracic muscles
2) posterior thoracic muscles

162
Q

1) anterior thoracic muscles

A

subclavius

pectoralis minor

serratus anterior

163
Q

2) posterior thoracic muscles (4)

A

trapezius

levator scapulae

rhomboid major

rhomboid minor

164
Q

Axial muscles that move humerus (2)

A

pectoralis major

latissimus dorsi

165
Q

scapular muscles that move humerus (7)

A

deltoid

subscapularis

supraspinatus

infraspinatus

teres major

teres minor

corachobrachialis

166
Q

7 of 9 muscles that cross shoulder joint originate on the scapula except…

this is why they are called axial muscles

A

latissimus dorsi & pectoralis major

167
Q

(4) deep muscles of shoulder form the **rotator cuff **

A

subscapularis

supraspinatus

infraspinatus

teres minor

168
Q

forearm flexors

A

biceps brachii

brachialis

brachioradialis

169
Q

forearm extensors (2)

A

triceps brachii

anconeus

170
Q

forearm pronators

A

pronator teres

pronator quadratus

171
Q

forearm supinator

A

supinator

172
Q

Muscles of forearm (move wrist, hand thumb & digits)

(2) groups (2 in each)

A

anterior (flexor) - superior & deep

posterior (extensor) - superior & deep

173
Q

superficial anterior (flexor) compartment

A

flexor carpi radialis

palmaris longus

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor digitorum superficialis

174
Q

deep anterior (flexor) compartment

A

flexor pollicis longus

flexor digitorum profundus

175
Q

superficial posterior (extensor) compartment

A

extensor carpi radialis long

extensor carpi radialis brevis

extensor digitorum

extensor digitorum minimi

extensor carpi ulnaris

176
Q

deep posterior (extensor) compartment

A

abductor pollicis longus

extensor pollicis longus

extensor pollicis brevis

extensor indicis

177
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand (palm) (move digits)

(3) groups

A

thenar (lateral)

hypothenar (medial)

intermediate (midpalmar)

178
Q

thenar eminance formed by?

A

thenar muscles + adductor pollicis

179
Q

thenar (lateral aspect of palm) muscles

A

abductor pollicis brevis

opponens pollicis

flexor pollicis brevis

adductor pollicis

180
Q

hypothenar (medial aspect of palm) muscles

A

abductor digiti minimi

flexor digiti minimi brevis

opponens digiti minimi

181
Q

intermediate (midpalmar)

A

lumbricals

palmar interossei

dorsal interossei

182
Q

Muscles of the Neck and Back that Move the Vertebral Column

A

Splenius

Erector spinae (iliocostal, longissimus, spinalis)

transversospinales

segmental

scalenes

183
Q

Erector spinae group

A

3 columns muscle

from sacrum to ribs extends vertebral column

184
Q

Semispinalis group

A

vertebrae to vertebrae

extends neck

185
Q

Multifidis

A

vertebrae to vertebrae

rotates vertebral column

186
Q

quadratus lumborum

A

ilium to 12th rib

lateral flexion

187
Q

muscles of the back (4)

A

erector spinae group

semispinalis group

multifidis

quadratus lumborum

188
Q

muscles of the gluteal region that move the femur

A

iliopsoas (psoas major & iliacus)

gluteus maximus, medius & minimus

tensor fascia latae

piriformis

obturator internus & externus

superior & inferior gemellus

quadratus femoris

adductor longus, brevis & magnus

pectineus

189
Q

Muscles of the thigh

(3) compartments

A

1) medial (adduction)
2) anterior (extensor)
3) posterior (flexor) - flex & extend thigh

190
Q

Muscles of the leg that move the foot & toes

(3) compartments

A

1) anterior - dorsiflex foot
2) lateral (fibular) - plantar flex & evert
3) posterior (superior & deep)

191
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the foot that move the toes

(2) groups

A

1) dorsal
2) plantar

192
Q

There is only ____________dorsal muscle which extends toes 2–5 at the MTP joints.

A

2

193
Q

Plantar muscles are arranged in __layers with the most superficial of these called the first layer, etc.

A

4

KIN 260 (20 decks)

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