Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

:] > Chapter 1 Radiographic Positioning and Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Radiographic Positioning and Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

the study, classification, and description of the structure and organs of the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Physiology

A

the processes and functions of the body. How the body parts work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the structural organization from smallest to largest?

A
  • Chemical level
  • Atoms
  • Molecules
  • Cells
  • Tissues
  • Organs
  • Organ System
  • Organism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the smallest structural organization?

A

Chemical Level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Cells

A

The basic structure and functional unity of all living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define tissues

A

A group of similar cells that together perform a specific function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the four types of tissues?

A
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscular
  • Nervous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define epithelial tissue

A

a tissue that covers internal and external surfaces of the body such as lining of the organs/ vessels, stomach or intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define connective tissue

A

tissues that bind together and support different structures such as joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define Muscular tissue

A

tissues that make up muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define Nervous tissue

A

tissues that make up the nerves of the nervous system and nerve centers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define organs

A

a complex assembly of tissues that perform special functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some examples of organs?

A
  • Kidneys
  • Heart
  • Liver
  • Brain
  • Intestines
  • Bladder
  • Stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define System

A
  • a group of organs that work together to perform a job or a task in the body.
  • consists of 10 body systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define organism

A

the 10 body structures that work together in one living being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the 10 body systems

A
  • integumentary
  • skeletal
  • muscular
  • endocrine
  • nervous
  • urinary
  • respiratory
  • circulatory
  • reproductive (male and female)
  • lymphatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define the skeletal system

A
  • plays a role in the body with bones
  • the most important for radiographers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how many bones does the human body have?

A

206 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

define Osteology

A

the study of bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define arthrology

A

the study of joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the functions of the Skeletal System?

A
  • support and protect soft tissues of the body
  • allow movement through interaction with joints and muscles
  • to produce blood cells
  • to store calcium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define the Circulatory System

A

consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does the circulatory system consist of?

A

cardiovascular organs and the lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define the lymphatic system

A

a system that keeps fluid circulating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the organs of the lymphatic system?
lymph nodes, lymph vessels, lymph glands, and spleen
26
true or false: the cardiovascular system includes the lymphatic system
True
27
What are the functions of the circulatory system?
- distribute O2 and nutrients to the cell - carry off wastes and carbon dioxide - transport water, electrolytes, hormones, and enzymes - protect against disease - form blood clots - help regulate body temperature
28
Define the digestive system
includes the alimentary canal and certain accessory organs
29
define alimentary canal
made up on the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus
30
what are the accessory organs of the digestive system?
salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
31
What's the function of the digestive system?
- to prepare food for digestion - to eliminate waste
32
Define the respiratory system
composed of lungs and passages that connect the lungs to the outside atmosphere
33
What are the passages of the respiratory structure?
- nose - mouth - larynx - pharynx - trachea - bronchial tree
34
what are the functions of the respiratory system?
- supply O2 to the cells via the blood - eliminate CO2 from the blood - Help regulate the acid-base balance of the blood
35
Define the urinary system
includes organs that produce, collect, and eliminate urine
36
What are the organs of the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
37
what are the functions of the urinary system?
- regulate the chemical makeup of the blood - eliminate many waste products - regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and volume - maintain the acid-base balance of the body
38
Define the nervous system
composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and special sense organs
39
what are the special sense organs of the nervous system?
eyes and ears
40
what is the function of the nervous system?
regulate body activities with electrical impulses that travel along various nerves
41
Define the muscular system
all the muscle tissues of the body
42
what are the three types of muscles?
- Skeletal - Smooth - Cardiac
43
define skeletal muscle
striated and under voluntary control
44
define smooth muscle
walls of internal organs and involuntary control
45
define cardiac muscle
only in the walls of the heart, is striated but involuntary
46
what are the functions of the muscular system?
- allow movement - maintain posture - produce heat
47
define the endocrine system
system of all the ductless glands of the body
48
What are the organs of the endocrine system?
- testes - ovaries - pancreas - adrenals (fight or flight) - thymus - thyroid - parathyroid - pineal - pituitary
49
what is the function of the endocrine system?
regulate various body activities through hormones carried by the cardiovascular system
50
Define the integumentary system
- skin and all the structures associated with the skin or derived from - includes the nails, oil glands, and sweat glands
51
what is the largest organ of the body?
the skin
52
what are the functions of the integumentary system?
- regulate body temperature - protection - perspiration (sweat) and elimination - receive stimuli, pain, and feeling - Synthesize vitamin D
53
define the axial skeleton
includes all the bones that lie on or near the central axis of the body
54
how many bones are in the axial skeleton?
80 bones
55
what bones are part of the axial skeleton?
- skull - vertebral column - ribs - sternum
56
define the appendicular skeleton
- consist of all the bones of the upper limbs, lower limbs, shoulder, and pelvic girdle - attaches to the axial skeleton
57
how many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
126 bones
58
define sesamoid bones
- special type of small, imbedded bone in certain tendons - most common are located on the posterior foot - Ex. Patella
59
What are the classification of bones?
- long bones - short bones - flat bones - irregular bones
60
what is an example of a long bone?
femur
61
what is an example of a short bone?
carpal bones of the wrist
62
what is an example of a flat bone?
- ribs - sternum
63
what is an example of an irregular bone?
- pelvic bones - vertebrae
64
define long bones
- consist of a body, and two ends/extremities - found only in the appendicular skeleton
65
define short bones
- found in wrists and ankles - carpal bones of the wrist and tarsal bones of the foot
66
define flat bones
- provides protection for interior contents - broad surfaces for muscle attachment
67
what are some examples of flat bones?
- skull cap - sternum - ribs - scapulae
68
what are some examples of irregular bones?
- vertebrae - facial bones - pelvic bones - bones of the base of the cranium
69
define ossification
the process in which bones form within the body
70
what are the 2 types of ossification?
- intramembranous - endochondral
71
define intramembranous
- when bones forms to replace cartilage - sutures of the skull
72
define endochondral
it is much slower, and occurs most parts of the skeleton, especially in the long bones
73
define diaphysis
- occurs in the midbody area of the bone - also known as the primary
74
define epiphysis
- occurs in the ends of long bones - the first to appear and may be present at birth in a term newborn - also known as the secondary
74
what are the 3 types of functional joints
- Synarthrosis - Amphiarthrosis - Diarthrosis
75
what are the 2 classifications of joints?
- functional - structural
76
define Synarthrosis
immovable/ no movement joint
77
define Amphiarthrosis
joint with limited movement
78
define Diarthrosis
freely movable joint
79
what are the 3 types of structural joints?
- Fibrous joint - cartilaginous joint - synovial joints
80
define fibrous joints
- syndesmosis - suture - gomphosis
81
define cartilaginous joints
- symphysis - synchondrosis
82
define syndesmosis
- joint held together by slender fibrous cords - slightly moveable (amphiarthrodial) - occur in the tibiofibula joint - occur in the carpal/tarsal joints of the wrist and foot
83
define sutures
- only found between bones in the skull - very limited movement as babies - no movement when adults - considered synarthrodial joints
84
define gomphoses
- only with the roots of the teeth - considered amphiarthrodial joint
85
define Cartilaginous joints
lack joint activity and are held together tightly by cartilage
86
define symphyses
- a broad flattened disk of fibrocartilage between two contiguous bony surfaces - amphiarthrodial
87
define fibrous joint
lack joint activity
88
define synchondroses
- temporary form of a joint wherein the hyaline cartilage is converted into a bone at adulthood - synarthrodial
89
define synovial joints
- freely moveable joints - occur in the upper and lower limbs - characterized by fibrous capsule that contains synovial fluid
90
What are the 7 types of synovial joint movement?
- plane - ginglymus (hinge) - Trochoid (pivot) - Ellipsoid (condylar) - sellar (saddle) - spheroidal (ball and joint) - bicondylar

:] (97 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions