LRA-219 Week 3 Extra

Question 1

What type of CR angle must be used for an AP axial (Taylor method) “outlet” projection for a male patient?
a. 20 to 35 degrees caudad
b. 15 to 20 degrees cephalad
c. 20 to 35 degrees cephalad
d. 0 degrees (CR perpendicular to the image receptor)

Answer 1

c. 20 to 35 degrees cephalad

Question 2

How much rotation of the body is required for posterior axial oblique projection (Teufel method)?
a. 45 degrees
b. 35 to 40 degrees
c. 60 to 70 degrees
d. 25 to 30 degrees

Answer 2

b. 35 to 40 degrees

Question 3

What type of CR angle is required for the posterior axial oblique projection (Teufel method)?
a. 12 degrees cephalad
b. 10 degrees cephalad
c. 20 to 25 degrees caudad
d. 15 degrees cephalad

Answer 3

a. 12 degrees cephalad

Question 4

T/F: The posterior oblique (Judet method) for the acetabulum requires a 10 to 15 degree rotation of the body.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

T/F: Only a small part of the lesser trochanter, if any, will be visible on a well-positioned axiolateral (inferosuperior) lateral hip.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T/F: The image receptor must be placed parallel to the femoral neck for the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Which of the following projections would be best for a patient with limited movement of both lower limbs (in addition to the AP pelvis)?
a. Modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method)
b. Axiolateral (inferosuperior)
c. Anterior oblique (Teufel method)
d. AP axial (Taylor method)

Answer 7

a. Modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method)

Question 8

The proper name of the method used for the unilateral frog-leg projection is the _____ method.
a. Danelius-Miller
b. Modified Cleaves
c. Teufel
d. Taylor

Answer 8

b. Modified Cleaves

Question 9

What CR angle is required for the AP axial, inlet projection?
a. 30 degrees cephalad
b. 10 to 15 degrees cephalad
c. 20 to 30 degrees caudad
d. 40 degrees caudad

Answer 9

d. 40 degrees caudad

Question 10

Which of the following structures is not an aspect of the proximal femur?
a. Intertrochanteric crest
b. Fovea capitis
c. Obturator foramen
d. Lesser trochanter

Answer 10

c. Obturator foramen

Question 11

Which of the following structures is considered to be most inferior or distal?
a. Fovea capitis
b. Lesser trochanter
c. Neck
d. Greater trochanter

Answer 11

b. Lesser trochanter

Question 12

Why must the lower limb be rotated 15 to 20 degrees internally for AP hip projections?
a. To separate the greater trochanter from the lesser trochanter
b. To place the fovea capitis into a profiled position
c. To open up the femoroacetabular joint
d. To place the femoral neck parallel to the image receptor

Answer 12

d. To place the femoral neck parallel to the image receptor

Question 13

T/F: The term pelvic girdle refers to the total pelvis including the sacrum and coccyx.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Which bones fuse to form the acetabulum?
a. Ischium and pubis
b. Ilium and ischium
c. Pubis, ilium, and sacrum
d. Ischium, pubis, and ilium

Answer 14

d. Ischium, pubis, and ilium

Question 15

Which of the following bony structures cannot be palpated?
a. Ischial spine
b. ASIS
c. Ischial tuberosity
d. Symphysis pubis

Answer 15

a. Ischial spine

Question 16

Which bone of the pelvic girdle forms the anterior inferior aspect?
a. Ilium
b. Ischium
c. Pubis
d. Sacrum

Answer 16

c. Pubis

Question 17

The lesser sciatic notch is an aspect of the:
a. ilium
b. ischium
c. sacrum
d. pubis

Answer 17

b. ischium

Question 18

The sacroiliac joints are classified as ____ joints with ____ mobility.
a. cartilaginous; amphiarthrodial
b. synovial; amphiarthrodial
c. cartilaginous; synarthrodial
d. fibrous; amphiarthrodial

Answer 18

b. synovial; amphiarthrodial

Question 19

The symphysis pubis provides limited movement during pelvic trauma and during:
a. walking and running
b. flexing and extending
c. labor and delivery
d. voiding

Answer 19

c. labor and delivery

Question 20

The two bony landmarks that are palpated using the hip localization method are the:
a. Ischial spine and the symphysis pubis.
b. Symphysis pubis and the greater trochanter.
c. ASIS and the crest of ilium.
d. ASIS and the symphysis pubis.

Answer 20

d. ASIS and the symphysis pubis.

Question 21

Using the hip localization method, the femoral head can be located:
a. 1 inch (2.5 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the two bony landmarks
b. 1 1/2 inches (4 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the two bony landmarks
c. 2 1/2 inches (6 to 7 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the two bony landmarks
d. at the level of the symphysis pubis.

Answer 21

b. 1 1/2 inches (4 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the two bony landmarks

Question 22

Select the correct gender to correspond with the following pelvic characteristics. More oval or heart-shaped pelvic inlet:
a. Male
b. Female

Answer 22

a. Male

Question 23

Select the correct gender to correspond with the following pelvic characteristics. Wider and shallow general shape of pelvis:
a. Male
b. Female

Answer 23

b. Female

Question 23

Select the correct gender to correspond with the following pelvic characteristics. Obtuse angle of pubic arch:
a. Male
b. Female

Answer 23

b. Female

Question 23

Select the correct gender to correspond with the following pelvic characteristics. Narrower, deeper general shape of pelvis: a. Male b. Female

Answer 23

a. Male

Question 23

Select the correct gender to correspond with the following pelvic characteristics. Round and large pelvic inlet: a. Male b. Female

Answer 23

b. Female

Question 24

Select the correct gender to correspond with the following pelvic characteristics. Acute angle of pubic arch: a. Male b. Female

Answer 24

a. Male

Question 25

Gonadal shielding of the male patient for the AP pelvis projection requires that the top of the shield is not extend above the level of the: a. ASIS b. ischial spine c. inferior margin of the symphysis pubis d. none of the above; gonadal shielding cannot be used due to possible covering of pertinent anatomy

Answer 25

c. inferior margin of the symphysis pubis

Question 26

A common condition of the femur that develops in elderly patients, leading to frequent fractures of the hip (proximal femur): a. Congenital hip dysplasia. b. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease c. Avascular necrosis d. Developmental dysplasia of the hip

Answer 26

c. Avascular necrosis

Question 27

Which of the following conditions will produce the radiographic sign referred to as "bamboo spine"? a. Osteoarthritis b. Chondrosarcoma c. Metastatic carcinoma d. Ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 27

d. Ankylosing spondylitis

Question 28

Which of the following pathologic conditions often occurs in males older than the age of 45 years? a. Developmental dysplasia of the hip b. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis c. Chondrosarcoma d. Osteoporosis

Answer 28

c. Chondrosarcoma

Question 29

Which of the following pathologic conditions is a common type of aseptic or ischemic necrosis? a. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease b. Ankylosing spondylitis c. Metastatic carcinoma d. Osteoarthritis

Answer 29

a. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

Question 30

Which of the following conditions will produce shortening of the epiphyses but widening of the epiphyseal plate? a. Osteoarthritis b. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease c. Slipped capital femur d. Chondrosarcoma

Answer 30

c. Slipped capital femur

Question 31

T/F: Gonadal shielding should be used on both males and females of childbearing age for AP hip projections, if correctly placed.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Where is the CR placed for an AP projection of the pelvis? a. 1 inch (2.5 cm) above the symphysis pubis b. At the level of the ASIS c. At the level of the iliac crest d. Midway between the ASIS and the symphysis pubis

Answer 32

d. Midway between the ASIS and the symphysis pubis

Question 33

What is the amount of abduction of the femurs recommended for an AP bilateral frog-leg projection? a. 10 to 15 degrees b. 50 to 60 degrees c. 40 to 45 degrees d. 90 degrees

Answer 33

c. 40 to 45 degrees

Question 34

Which of the following positions will best demonstrate signs of developmental dysplasia of the hip? a. Posterior oblique (Judet method) b. Axiolateral, inferosuperior (Danelius-Miller method) c. Taylor method d. Bilateral frog-leg method

Answer 34

d. Bilateral frog-leg method

Question 35

Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the posterior (ilioischial) column and anterior (iliopubic) column of the pelvis? a. Posterior oblique (Judet method) b. AP axial (Taylor method) c. RPO and LPO projections d. Modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method)

Answer 35

a. Posterior oblique (Judet method)

Question 36

Which one of the following projections will best demonstrate a lateral oblique view of the femoral head and neck for the patient with limited movement in both lower limbs? a. Teufel b. Axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection c. AP axial (Taylor) d. Modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama)

Answer 36

d. Modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama)

Question 37

A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the left obturator foramen is more open or elongated as compared with the right. What is the specific positioning error present on this radiograph? a. Left rotation b. Right rotation c. Left tilt d. Incorrect CR centering or angulation

Answer 37

b. Right rotation

Question 38

T/F: Generally, gonadal shielding for females cannot be used for an initial AP pelvis for pelvic trauma due to the possibility of covering pertinent anatomy.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

T/F: Less abduction of femora of only 20 to 30 degrees from vertical provides for the least foreshortening of femoral necks when performing the AP bilateral "frog-leg" projection.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

T/F: If a patient has excessive external rotation of one foot, a fractured hip may be indicated.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Which of the following imaging modalities will best detect early signs of bone infection of the pelvis? a. Radiography b. CT c. Nuclear medicine d. MRI

Answer 41

c. Nuclear medicine

Question 42

Which of the following projections requires that the IR be tilted 15 degrees from the vertical plane? a. AP axial inlet projection b. Axiolateral inferosuperior projection (Danelius-Miller method) c. Modified axiolateral projection (Clements-Nakayama method) d. Posterior axial oblique projection (Teufel method)

Answer 42

c. Modified axiolateral projection (Clements-Nakayama method)