LRA-215 Review Flashcards
(32 cards)
___________ is defined as a branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population?
epidemiology
__________ describes radiation damage that increases the probability of causing a late effect but will not increase the severity of the effect?
stochastic
Radiation-induced lung cancer follows which dose-response relationship?
Linear; nonthreshold
Radiation-induced thyroid cancer is judged to be
linear ; nonthreshold
Radiation-induced lung cancer follows which dose-response relationship?
Linear ; nonthreshold
Relative risk is _________________.
observed cases / expected cases
The most radiosensitive period during pregnancy for radiation induced congenital abnormalities is during the ____________________.
first trimester
A __________ effect increases in incidence but not severity as the dose increases
stochastic
Studies of A-bomb survivors indicate that leukemia has a ______________________ dose-response relationship to radiation.
linear; nontreshold
The most radiosensitive cells in the hematopoietic system of the human body are the _________________.
lymphocytes
Immediately following a whole body dose of high levels of radiation the victim would experience (a) _____________________.
prodromal symptoms
The LD50/60 for humans of approximately 3.5 Gy. This refers to the concept that
50% of the population to be killed in 60 days
During the latent period, the radiation victim experiences _____________.
no symptoms
The minimum dose lethal to humans is 2 Gy to the whole body. This is concept known as
threshold
What would be the most likely immediate response to a whole body dose of 2 Gy
diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting
Death from acute radiation exposure follows a __________________ dose-response relationship.
nonlinear; threshold
A single chromosome aberration represents _____________ to the DNA within the chromosome.
severe damage
The central nervous system syndrome occurs following a whole body dose of 50 Gy or more. The chance for a full recovery is
impossible
About half of the population will experience skin erythema following a localized dose of 5 Gy. This is known as
skin erythema deterministic
The law of _________________ states that the radiosensitivity of living tissue is a function of the metabolism and maturation of that tissue.
Bergonie and Tribondeau
Tissue is _______ radiosensitive under high oxygen conditions and _________ radiosensitive under hypoxic conditions.
most; least
_______ is a measure of the capacity of a specific ionizing radiation to produce a specific biological effect, expressed relative to a reference radiation, such as radium, gamma rays or 250 keV X-rays.
relative biologic effectiveness (RBE)
The dose of radiation required per generation to double the spontaneous mutation rate is the definition of
doubling dose
_____ is an average calculated from the gonadal dose received by the entire population.
geneticaly significant dose (GSD)
