Patient Care Ch. 12

Question 1

what are some expressions of anxiety?

Answer 1

• anger
• inappropriate speech
• constant talking
• quiet
• fidgeting

Question 2

what causes anxiety in patients?

Answer 2

• fear of possible diagnosis
• concerns of effects of illness
• physical discomfort

Question 3

how can you calm down patients who are anxious?

Answer 3

• provide ample covers
• explanation of the procedure
• matter of fact attitude
• clear and constant communication

Question 4

which patients are affected when lying flat on the table?

Answer 4

• thin patients
• elderly patients (w/ kyphosis)
• obese patients
• cardiac/respiratory impaired patients

Question 5

where should dentures be placed if needed to be removed?

Answer 5

should be placed in a safe location in a suitable disposable container

Question 6

where should glasses or hearing aids be placed when removed?

Answer 6

• choose a safe location in view of the patient
• use the same place consistently
• point out the location to the patient

Question 7

what needs to be done when a patient requests water?

Answer 7

• first check the chart and note whether oral fluids are permitted

Question 8

what does NPO mean?

Answer 8

nothing by mouth

Question 9

if the patient is charted NPO, they are able to consume:
- food
- liquid
- water chips
- sips of water
- none of the above

Answer 9

none of the above

Question 10

define incontinence

Answer 10

involuntary control of the urinary bladder

Question 11

who may experience incontinence?

Answer 11

elderly or debilitated patients

Question 12

what happens when a urine specimen is needed?

Answer 12

• provide the proper container
• cleaning supplies
• instructions for obtaining a clean catch mistream specimen

Question 13

when a patient needs to defecate or urinate but is unable to walk or is in a wheelchair, what alternatives need to be made?

Answer 13

a bedpan or urinal is needed

Question 14

what are the two types of bedpans?

Answer 14

• fracture pan
• regular pan

Question 15

define fracture pan

Answer 15

a pan that has a flat lip in the front that makes it easy to slide under a patient who had problems lifting their pelvis

Question 16

define regular pan

Answer 16

larger and deeper with a rounded lip designed to support the buttocks

Question 17

what needs to be done before emptying the bed pans or urinals?

Answer 17

check if the patient’s feces or urine needs to be collected, or if it needs to be measured and recorded

Question 18

define urinary catheter

Answer 18

tubes that go up the urethra into the bladder, allowing urine to be emptied into a collection bag

Question 19

what must be done when the catheter bag if filled up?

Answer 19

empty it and measure urine if necessary

Question 20

define colostomy/ileostomy

Answer 20

• surgically formed passages from the large or small bowel through the abdominal wall that terminate in an external opening (stoma)
• wear an external bag to collect fecal matter

Question 21

what is the procedure for applying a clean disposable colostomy bag?

Answer 21

• measure the stoma
• trace the measurement onto the skin barrier
• cut the opening into the wafer
• remove the protective backing
• apply the pouch over the stoma

Question 22

what can be done when patients are uncomfortable lying flat on the table?

Answer 22

the radiographer can place sponges or cushions for support

Question 23

elevating the patient’s head can help with:

Answer 23

• relieve neck strain
• allow easier breathing
• avoid uncomfortable feeling

Question 24

bolsters are useful for patients with:

Answer 24

• spine injury
• recent spine or abdominal surgery

Question 25

when placing a bolster under the patient's knees, it helps alleviate:

Answer 25

lumbosacral stress by straightening lordosis

Question 26

what should be done when a patient is supine and has abdominal pain?

Answer 26

head elevated and bolster placed under the knees

Question 27

if a patient becomes short of breath when lying supine, you must-

Answer 27

help them sit up immediately

Question 28

define orthopnea

Answer 28

difficulty breathing when lying down

Question 29

when a patient is nauseous, they must-

Answer 29

have their heads elevated

Question 30

if a patient cannot be assisted to a fowler position, what alternative can be done?

Answer 30

rolled into a lateral position

Question 31

define decubitus ulcer/bedsores

Answer 31

older /debilitated patients can develop ulcerated areas over prominent bony structures when pressure is exerted for even a short period of time

Question 32

what physical changes are visible with aging?

Answer 32

skin and circulatory system

Question 33

why should the radiographer be careful when maneuvering elderly patients?

Answer 33

due to the lack of a subcutaneous layer, they can easily bruise with any type of abrasion

Question 34

what body parts are most sensitive to an elderly?

Answer 34

the skin of the feet and legs

Question 35

minor contusions or abrasions can cause-

Answer 35

decubitus ulcer

Question 36

define restraints

Answer 36

reduce patient movement to ensure safety

Question 37

define immobilization

Answer 37

prevent undesired motion during imaging procedures

Question 38

what are examples of restraints?

Answer 38

- wrist/ankle bands - vest with straps

Question 39

it is important to note that physical restraints on an adult patient-

Answer 39

requires a physicians order

Question 40

it is important to use safety straps because they-

Answer 40

prevent falls when patients are asleep, weak, disoriented, or sedated.

Question 41

do safety devices require a physicians order?

Answer 41

no

Question 42

do immobilization devices require a physicians order?

Answer 42

no

Question 43

what are some examples of immobilization devices?

Answer 43

- compression bag - sandbag - tape - stockinet

Question 44

what device immobilizes infants to achieve a chest x-ray?

Answer 44

Pigg-O-Stat

Question 45

what are some signs of battered child syndrome/physical abuse/nonaccidental trauma?

Answer 45

- multiple injuries - evidence of chronic or repeated injury with no other explanation - injuries that are not consistent with the parents' report of trauma - failure to seek prompt treatment for serious injuries - bruise marks shaped like hands, fingers, or objects (such as belt) - specific patterns of scalding - burns from electric stove, radiator, heater, or other hot objects on the child's hands or buttocks - cigarette burns on exposed areas or the genitals - black eyes on an infant - human bite marks - lash marks - choke marks around neck - circular marks around wrists or ankles (twisting) - separated skull sutures or bulging fontanel in an infant - unexplained unconsciousness in an infant

Question 46

define elder abuse

Answer 46

any knowing, intentional, or negligent act by a caregiver or any other person that causes harm or serious risk of harm to a vulnerable adult

Question 46

what are different types of abuse?

Answer 46

- physical abuse - sexual abuse - neglect - exploitation - emotional abuse - abandonment - self neglect

Question 46

what are some signs of elderly abuse?

Answer 46

* Bruises, pressure marks, broken bones, abrasions, and burns may be an indication of physical abuse, neglect, or mistreatment. * Unexplained withdrawal from normal activities, a sudden change in alertness, and unusual depression may be indicators of emotional abuse. * Bruises around the breasts or genital area can occur from sexual abuse. * Sudden changes in financial situations may be the result of exploitation. * Decubitus ulcers, unattended medical needs, poor hygiene, and unusual weight loss are indicators of possible neglect. * Behaviors such as belittling, threats, and other uses of power and control by spouses or adult children are indicators of verbal or emotional abuse. * Strained or tense relationships, or frequent arguments between the caregiver and elderly person, can suggest potential problems.