Chapter 8 notes - cervical and thoracic

Question 1

what is another name for the vertebral column?

Answer 1

spine/spinal column

Question 2

what is the function of the vertebral column?

Answer 2

to support the weight of the head and the trunk

Question 3

what verterbraes does the spinal cord travel through?

Answer 3

C1-L1

Question 4

where does the spinal cord end?

Answer 4

tapers off at the conus medullaris

Question 5

what separates the vertebral bones?

Answer 5

intervertebral disks

Question 6

how many sections are in the vertebral column?

Answer 6

5

Question 7

what are the 5 different sections of the vertebral column?

Answer 7

• cervical
• thoracic
• lumbar
• sacral
• coccyx

Question 8

how many bones are in the cervical?

Answer 8

7

Question 9

how many bones are in the thoracic?

Answer 9

12

Question 10

How many bones are in the lumbar?

Answer 10

5

Question 11

how many bones are in the sacrum of a child?

Answer 11

5

Question 12

how many bones are in the coccyx of a child?

Answer 12

4

Question 13

how many bones are in the sacrum of an adult?

Answer 13

1

Question 14

how many bones are in the coccyx of an adult?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

how many vertebral bones in a child are there in total?

Answer 15

33

Question 16

how many vertebral bones in an adult are there in total?

Answer 16

26

Question 17

out of all the sections, which vertebral section is the strongest?

Answer 17

lumbar vertebrae

Question 18

what are 2 types of curvature demonstrated on a spine?

Answer 18

• lordotic
• kyphotic

Question 19

define lordotic

Answer 19

• inward/concave curvature

Question 20

define kyphotic

Answer 20

• outward/convex curvature

Question 21

which sections of the spine have a lordotic curvature?

Answer 21

cervical and lumbar spine
- coccyx??

Question 22

which sections of the spine have a kyphotic curvature?

Answer 22

thoracic and sacral

Question 23

what is the first compensatory concave curve spine to develop?

Answer 23

cervical

Question 24

which are the 2 primary curves?

Answer 24

thoracic and sacral

Question 25

what is the second compensatory concave curve?

Answer 25

lumbar

Question 26

true or false: both lumbar and sacral curves are more pronounced in men

Answer 26

false; they're more pronounced in women

Question 27

define kyphosis

Answer 27

- the abnormal outward curvature of the spine - abnormal convex - "humpback"

Question 28

define lordosis

Answer 28

- the abnormal inward curvature of the spine - abnormal concave - "swayback"

Question 29

define scoliosis

Answer 29

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Question 30

what structure of the vertebrae is the most anterior?

Answer 30

body

Question 31

what creates the vertebral arch?

Answer 31

the pedicle and lamina

Question 32

what opening allows the spinal cord to travel through?

Answer 32

vertebral foramen

Question 33

what vertebral structure extends posteriorly from either side of the body?

Answer 33

pedicle

Question 34

what structure extends laterally from the pedicle and the lamina?

Answer 34

transverse process

Question 35

what structure extends posteriorly at the midline junction of the two laminae?

Answer 35

spinous process

Question 36

how many articular processes are in a vertebrae?

Answer 36

- 4 - 2 inferior articular process - 2 superior articular process

Question 37

what is the function of the intervertebral disks?

Answer 37

- stability - flexobility/movement - shock absorbing

Question 38

how are intervertebral foramen formed?

Answer 38

by the superior and inferior vertebral notches

Question 39

what travels through the intervertebral forame?

Answer 39

nerves and blood vessels

Question 40

what is the outer fibrous portion of the intervertebral disk?

Answer 40

annulus fibrosus

Question 41

what is the inner gelatinous portion of the intervertebral disk?

Answer 41

nucleus pulposus

Question 42

what are the unique characteristics of the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 42

- transverse foramina - bifid spinous process tips - overlapping vertebral bodies

Question 43

which cervical vertebrae is also known as bony prominens?

Answer 43

C7

Question 44

what travels through the transverse foramen in the cervical spine?

Answer 44

veins, artery, and nerves

Question 45

what is the name of the column that is in between the inferior and superior articular processes?

Answer 45

articular pillar

Question 46

what angle do you view the zygapophyseal joints in the cervical region?

Answer 46

90 degrees

Question 47

how can you view the intervertebral foramina in the cervical region?

Answer 47

45 degree oblique position with a tube angle of 15-20 degree cephalad

Question 48

what is the name of C1

Answer 48

atlas

Question 49

which cervical vertebrae does not have a body?

Answer 49

C1

Question 50

define atlantooccipital joints

Answer 50

the articulation between C1 and the occipital condyles of the skull

Question 51

what is the name of C2?

Answer 51

axis

Question 52

what structure does the C2 contain that is also known as the dens?

Answer 52

odontoid process

Question 53

true or false: Rotation of the head primarily occurs between C1 and C2, with the odontoid process acting as a pivot

Answer 53

true

Question 54

what is housed in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 54

ribs and lungs

Question 55

define costovertebral joints

Answer 55

the head/tubercle of the rib articulating with the body of the vertebrae

Question 56

define costotransverse joints

Answer 56

the head/tubercle of the rib articulating with the transverse process of the vertebrae

Question 57

which 2 thoracic vertebrae do not have costotranverse joints?

Answer 57

T11 and T12

Question 58

what angle can you view the zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine?

Answer 58

70-75 degree oblique

Question 58

what is a unique characteristic of the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 58

the spinous process is at a caudal angle

Question 58

what angle can you view the intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine?

Answer 58

90 degree