LRA-213 Week 3 Chest and Abdomen Pathology

Question 1

define COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

Answer 1

obstruction of the airways that usually causes difficulty in emptying the lungs of air

Question 2

what causes COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?

Answer 2

• emphysema
• chronic bronchitis
• smoking

Question 3

what is another type of COPD?

Answer 3

asthma

Question 4

what chest exams are usually done for someone who has COPD?

Answer 4

PA and lateral chest

Question 5

define emphysema

Answer 5

• irreversible and chronic lung disease
• air spaces in the alveoli become greatly enlarged
• Air tends not to be expelled during expiration, resulting in seriously labored breathing with impedance of gas exchange within the lungs

Question 6

what causes emphysema?

Answer 6

• alveolar wall destruction
• loss of alveolar elasticity
• smoking
• long term dust inhalation

Question 7

how does emphysema appear on a radiograph?

Answer 7

• increased lung dimension
• barrel chest
• depressed and flattened diaphragm obscuring costophrenic angles
• elongated heart shadow
• lung field appears radiolucent

Question 8

what chest radiography needs to be done for someone with emphysema?

Answer 8

PA and lateral chest

Question 9

for someone with emphysema, what changes are made in the technique?

Answer 9

• significantly decreased
• depends on severity

Question 10

define malignant lung cancer

Answer 10

• new growth or tumor in the lung field

Question 11

what causes malignant lung cancer

Answer 11

• smoking
• bronchogenic carcinoma
• alveolar cell carcinoma

Question 12

how is lung cancer seen in radiographs?

Answer 12

slight shadows, larger radiopaque masses

Question 13

what chest exams are done for malignant lung cancer?

Answer 13

• PA, lateral, CT scans

Question 14

define pleurisy

Answer 14

• inflammation of the lungs

Question 15

what causes pleurisy

Answer 15

• virus
• bacterium
• visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together during respiration

Question 16

how is pleurisy demonstrated in radiographs?

Answer 16

association with pleural effusion

Question 17

what chest exams are done with someone with pleurisy?

Answer 17

PA and lateral chest

Question 18

define pneumonia

Answer 18

inflammation of the lungs that results in accumulation of fluid within certain sections of the lungs

Question 19

what chest exams are done for someone with pneumonia?

Answer 19

PA and lateral chest

Question 20

define pneumothorax

Answer 20

• accumulation of air in the lungs
• partial or complete collapse of the lungs
• causes shortness of breath and chest pain

Question 21

what chest exams are needed for someone who has pneumothorax?

Answer 21

• erect PA
• lateral chest
• lateral decubitus

Question 22

how is pneumothorax seen on radiographs?

Answer 22

• lung seen displaced from the chest wall
• no lung markings

Question 23

define pulmonary edema

Answer 23

excess fluid in the lung

Question 24

what causes pulmonary edema?

Answer 24

• congestive heart failure
• coronary artery disease

Question 25

how is pulmonary edema seen in radiographs?

Answer 25

- Increased diffuse radiodensity in hilar regions - air-fluid levels

Question 26

what exams are done for someone who has pulmonary edema?

Answer 26

- PA - lateral - horizontal beam

Question 27

define tuberculosis

Answer 27

contagious disease (potentially fatal) that is caused by airborne bacteria.

Question 28

what chest exams are done for someone who has TB?

Answer 28

PA and lateral chest

Question 29

define atelectasis

Answer 29

collapse of all or a portion of a lung occurs as the result of obstruction of the bronchus or puncture or “blowout” of an air passageway

Question 30

define ascites

Answer 30

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen.

Question 31

define pneumoperitoneum

Answer 31

free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity.

Question 32

define Crohn's disease?

Answer 32

- a chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall that results in bowel obstruction in at least half of affected patients. - most common in young adults

Question 33

define intussusception

Answer 33

telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop, which creates an obstruction.

Question 34

define volvulus

Answer 34

twisting of a loop of intestine, which creates an obstruction.

Question 35

define adynamic ileus

Answer 35

- nonmechanical bowel obstruction - without power or force - lack of intestinal motility

Question 36

define ulcerative colitis

Answer 36

- involving inflammation of the colon - occurs primarily in young adults