CHAPTER 1: VOCABULARY

Question 1

child development

Answer 1

scientific study of children from conception through adolescence

Question 2

development

Answer 2

the gradual process through which babies become adults

Question 3

growth

Answer 3

an increase in size, such as height, or in quantity, such as adding new vocabulary

Question 4

domains

Answer 4

areas of child development

Question 5

physical development

Answer 5

involves growth of the body and the development of both fine and gross motor skills

Question 6

intellectual development

Answer 6

includes how people think and learn and how people express what they know through a variety of methods, especially language

Question 7

social-emotional development

Answer 7

concerns interactions with people and social groups, disposition, and emotions

Question 8

individual life cycle

Answer 8

a description of the stages of change people experience throughout life

Question 9

heredity

Answer 9

all the traits that a child inherits from blood relatives

Question 10

environment

Answer 10

all the conditions and situations that surround and affect a child

Question 11

genes

Answer 11

sections of the DNA molecule found in a person’s cells that determine individual traits.

Question 12

potential

Answer 12

greatest amount or level possible

Question 13

genetics

Answer 13

study of the factors involved in the passing of traits in living beings from one generation to the next

Question 14

epigenome

Answer 14

consists of chemicals that can turn genes on or off

Question 15

stressors

Answer 15

situations that cause worry and anxiety

Question 16

trauma

Answer 16

experiences characterized by high levels of negative stress

Question 17

principles of growth and development

Answer 17

likenesses to find patterns in the way people generally grow and develop

Question 18

constancy

Answer 18

aspects of a person’s growth and development that are unchanging

Question 19

sequenced steps

Answer 19

a set order where the growth and development follow one another

Question 20

codified

Answer 20

arranged in an orderly way

Question 21

teachable moment

Answer 21

optimal time when a person can learn a new task

Question 22

age norm

Answer 22

typical time when a developmental milestone occurs

Question 23

developmental acceleration

Answer 23

when a child performs like an older child

Question 24

developmental delay

Answer 24

when a child performs like a younger child

Question 25

motivation

Answer 25

a child's desire to achieve

Question 26

theory

Answer 26

a set of statements offered as a possible explanation for a phenomenon

Question 27

child-centered society

Answer 27

a society that sees children as important, cares about their well-being, and works to meet their needs.

Question 28

advocates

Answer 28

people who actively support a cause

Question 29

hierarchy

Answer 29

rank order

Question 30

self-actualization

Answer 30

to grow and feel fulfilled as a person

Question 31

irreducible

Answer 31

impossible to make smaller or simpler

Question 32

empathize

Answer 32

understand and relate

Question 33

direct observation

Answer 33

watching children in real time, typically in their natural environments

Question 34

indirect observation

Answer 34

observing products children make