CHAPTER 5: VOCABULARY

Question 1

ovum

Answer 1

female germ cell

Question 2

sperm

Answer 2

male germ cell

Question 3

conception

Answer 3

ovum and sperm joining together

Question 4

zygote

Answer 4

a fertilized egg formed at conception

Question 5

ovaries

Answer 5

female reproductive glands

Question 6

fallopian tubes

Answer 6

two hallow tubes that extend from the right and left sides of the uterus

Question 7

uterus

Answer 7

the reproductive organ in which the baby develops and is protected until birth

Question 8

cervix

Answer 8

the lower, narrow portion of the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina

Question 9

testes

Answer 9

reproductive glands

Question 10

period of gestation

Answer 10

pregnancy

Question 11

prenatal development

Answer 11

baby’s development that lasts approximately nine months

Question 12

germinal stage

Answer 12

the beginning of the first stage of prenatal development

Question 13

embryonic stage

Answer 13

second stage of prenatal development

Question 14

embryo

Answer 14

the name of the baby during the embryonic stage

Question 15

chorion

Answer 15

the outermost membrane that surrounds the baby in the uterus

Question 16

amnion

Answer 16

a fluid-filled sac that surrounds the baby

Question 17

placenta

Answer 17

an organ filled with blood vessels that nourishes the baby

Question 18

umbilical cord

Answer 18

contains three blood vessels that connect the baby to the placenta

Question 19

fetal stage

Answer 19

nine weeks and on of prenatal development

Question 20

fetus

Answer 20

a baby during the fetal stage

Question 21

quickening

Answer 21

the baby’s movements that are felt by the pregnant person

Question 22

age of viability

Answer 22

the time from when a baby can survive if born early

Question 23

genetic factors

Answer 23

a person’s inherited traits passed to them through the parents’ genes at conception

Question 24

chromosomes

Answer 24

thread-like structures where the DNA is found

Question 25

dominant traits

Answer 25

always expressed in a person even if only one gene of the gene-pair is inherited for that trait

Question 26

recessive traits

Answer 26

not typically expressed in a person unless both genes for the trait are inherited

Question 27

genetic disorder

Answer 27

a defect caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome

Question 28

chromosomal disorders

Answer 28

defects in the chromosome

Question 29

down syndrome

Answer 29

occurs when the body has three copies of chromosome 21

Question 30

environmental factors

Answer 30

caused by a person's surroundings

Question 31

diabetes

Answer 31

a disorder caused by the body's inability to use sugar properly

Question 32

pregnancy-induced hypertension

Answer 32

the name for high blood pressure caused by pregnancy

Question 33

rh factor

Answer 33

a protein substance found on the surface of red blood cells of about 85% of the population

Question 34

sexually transmitted infections

Answer 34

infectious illnesses contracted primarily through sexual intercourse

Question 35

HIV

Answer 35

human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS

Question 36

AIDS

Answer 36

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome caused by HIV

Question 37

rubella

Answer 37

a virus that can cross the placenta and affect t he baby during the first three months of pregnancy

Question 38

fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs)

Answer 38

a group of symptoms that occurs in babies who were exposed to alcohol during pregnancy

Question 39

myplate

Answer 39

a food guidance system developed by the USDA to recommend nutritious food choices for people 2 and older

Question 40

nutrients

Answer 40

substances found in food that the body needs to grow and function

Question 41

folic acid

Answer 41

the synthetic form of the B vitamin folate

Question 42

obstetricians

Answer 42

doctors who specialize in pregnancy and birth

Question 43

ultrasound

Answer 43

a test in which sound waves bounce off the fetus to produce an image of the fetus inside the womb

Question 44

chorionic villus sampling

Answer 44

a procedure for finding abnormalities in the fetus

Question 45

amniocentesis

Answer 45

a prenatal test used to check for the presence of over 100 congenital conditions

Question 46

congenital condition

Answer 46

a physical or biochemical problem in a baby that is present at birth and may be caused by genetic or environmental factors

Question 47

premature birth

Answer 47

born too soon

Question 48

prenatal supplement

Answer 48

pregnant people take this, and it contains folic acid, iron, vitamins, and minerals