CHAPTER 10: SLIDESHOW Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are the three main aspects of social-emotional development?
- Disposition – general mood of a person
- Social Relations – interactions with people and social groups
- Emotions – thoughts that lead to feelings and cause changes in
the body
Temperament
inherited tendency to react in a certain way
Temperamental Differences
- High-reactive.
- Low-reactive.
High-reactive infants
High-reactive infants react to anything new with caution and can easily
become physically agitated and distressed
* Irregular in habits – withdraw, protest, scream, etc. when facing new
situations
Low-reactive infants
Low-reactive infants tend to be sociable and bold
* Cheerful, have regular habits, respond quickly to a new situation
Parenting behaviors that negatively influence children’s temperaments:
- Inadequate soothing
- Alarmist behavior
- Intrusive behavior
Inadequate soothing
high-reactive children need caregivers who help
them calm down and regulate their emotions
Alarmist behavior
caregivers see dangers everywhere and spread their
anxiety
Intrusive behavior
controlling caregivers become overprotective and
babies have difficulty developing their own coping skills
Can high-reactive children become low-reactive?
No, but good parenting helps.
Babies are born with tools for social development.
Newborns can turn their heads in the direction of a human voice, move
their arms in rhythm of human speech, and like to look at people’s faces
Serve-and-return signals
“Serve and return” signals change throughout the first year.
* Signals begin as early as two weeks after birth. Smiles with expressive
eyes often occur around the 5th or 6th week
* From 3-6 months, infants become better at understanding and sending
social signals. They also begin to distinguish between those who care for
them and strangers.
* Once infants have better arm and hand control, they initiate social
contact.
When does bonding begin?
At birth, and continues throughout infancy.
Attachment behaviors from 1-12 months:
- 1 month – recognizes and turn toward familiar voices
- 2 weeks to 2 months – smiles
- 3 months – responds through coos and gurgles, movements, and laughter
- 4-6 months – Engages in turn-taking games, shows preference for familiar people, becomes still and
breathing becomes shallow when unknown people are close - 7-12 months – strong preference for primary caregivers, cries when a stranger is nearby, cries when left
alone
How long foes it taken for wiring of emotions to be completed?
4 years
Emotional behaviors in infants
At 2 months, infants begin constructing emotions through visual cues of emotions of others.
For the first 3-4 months, infants show either distress or excitement
By the end of the year, infants can express love, fear, anxiety, anger, jealousy, joy, and sadness.
Progression of fear
- Fear isn’t present at birth. Instead, newborns react with the startle reflex.
- By 4-5 months, infants can show stranger fear.
- Around 6 months, infants begin showing fear as an emotion.
Common fears during infancy
- Fear of the unknown
- Fear learned from direct experience
- Fear learned from adult influence
Anxiety (keep on trying me)
a fear of possible future events
First anxiety an infant experiences
Separation anxiety
When does separation anxiety start and peak?
Starts: 8 months.
Peaks: 10-18 months.
When do reactions to anxiety fade?
2 years
What precedes true anger?
Infant rage
When does true anger start?
8-10 months
