CHAPTER 19: SLIDESHOW Flashcards
What encourages school-age children to show responsibility?
Doing chores in the home and at school
Work ethic
a person’s sense of responsibility and diligence
toward work tasks
What will doing chores help school-age children with?
Developing a healthy work ethic
What contributes to learning gender roles?
- Family
- Peers
- School
- Media
How does family help with gender roles?
Continue to see gender roles modeled by caregivers; this can vary
greatly from household to household
How do peers help with gender roles?
Younger children typically prefer same-gendered friends; they learn
gender expectations from each other. Teens have more friends of the opposite
gender, but their closest friends tend to still be of the same gender
How do schools affect gender roles?
Schools in the US are much more egalitarian than they used to be, but
children can still be exposed to gender stereotyping
How does the media help with gender roles?
Children often identify with and model themselves after the characters
they see and read about. Therefore, the media messages children view greatly
influence their learning of gender roles
What substages are in Kohlberg’s conventional morality?
3 + 4
Substage 3
Interpersonal conformity – behaviors are acceptable because they are good for the
social group
Substage 4
Maintaining social order – believe they must live by the rules of the larger society
What does Carol Gilligan think about conventional morality?
women’s moral reasoning is centered on caring and empathy in contrast to
men’s justice-orientation
Moral character
Caregivers can shape moral character by showing their kids
love and being a good role model. Later, they can encourage their teens to
choose a good friend group
Moral emotions
Guilt vs Shame
Domains of Self-Definition
- Physical
- Intelligence
- Social Skills
- Self-Regulation by Emotions
Erickson’s 4th stage
Industry vs. inferiority
(ages 5-13)
* Industry: desire to join others in
striving to become a competent
member of society
* Inferiority: feeling of incompetence
and low value as a member of society
Erickson’s 5th stage
Identity vs. role
confusion (ages 13-21)
* Identity: feeling that you know who
you are
* Role confusion: confusion about who
you are
Changing social relations with adults
- ~ 5 years old: goal-corrected partnership
- ~8-9 years old: partner relationship – maintain psychological security
Changing social relations with other children/teens: Friendships
- At the beginning of the school age years, friends are seen as someone who can help them. By
the end, friendships are cooperative, helping each other achieve goals - In later school years, similar interest and tastes drive friendships rather than physical nearness
Changing social relations with other children/teens: Peer groups
- Gives children feelings of community and loyalty
- Children label each other, which affects self concept
- Learn how to deal with rules and get along with others
How are school age children and teens’ need for love expressed?
in their great desire
to be accepted by others—both adults and peers
How do school age children and teens expresse love for adults?
by showing
kindness and doing activities with them
How do school age children and teens express love for peers?
by wanting to be with them; by sharing
secrets; by communicating through phone calls, messages, or notes; and by
giving small presents
What happens to school-age children and teens who do not feel loved?
they have a narrowed
emotional range, causing them to experience little or no joy, grief, or guilt
