CHAPTER 13: SLIDESHOW Flashcards
When does self-awareness develop?
begins to develop at birth and continues to build throughout life.
What happens to children without a sense of self?
children cannot develop close relationships and adults cannot share intimacy.
What does self awareness in the toddler years involve?
seeing oneself as a unique person, recognizing
oneself, and developing early feelings of self-esteem
Toddlers demonstrate their understanding of being a unique person in the following ways:
- Body awareness
- Sense awareness
- Gender identity
- Object possession
- Family names
- Assimilate their culture
How does a toddler recognize themself between 15-18 months?
toddlers can recognize themselves in mirrors
How does a toddler recognize themself between 18-24 months?
they can point to their reflection in a mirror, say their own names, and point to
themselves in recent photos
How do toddlers develop feelings of worth?
Toddlers must feel loved, even when they are difficult or make mistakes
How is competence developed?
as toddlers achieve goals
How is control developed?
by figuring out what works and what does not
How do toddlers achieve autonomy?
As toddlers make
mistakes, try again, and practice what works
How can caregivers support self awareness?
- Pay attention when a toddler wants to talk
- Provide a place for possessions and encourage toddlers to take care of them
- Encourage toddler to self-feed and help with hygiene
- Let toddlers help around the house
- Plan activities to increase self-awareness (e.g., play with them in the mirror, show them pictures of
themselves, play pretend)
Erickson’s 2nd Stage
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Autonomy
a form of self-governance in which a toddler seeks to do their own will
How do interactions with other children develop?
- In early toddlerhood, interactions are brief
- Toward the end of toddlerhood, they may play together
Time period for attachment
begins in infancy and is completed between 12 and 18
months of age
Where does a child seek proximity?
with the caregiver to whom they are attached. The child views this
adult as the person best able to cope with the world.
Secure attachment
- Toddler will seek out and maintain proximity to a special caregiver
- Toddler will seek this caregiver’s protection and comfort if a situation is perceived as
dangerous or distressing - After 18 months of age, toddlers are more apt to cooperate even when adult-child goals differ
- As adults, securely attached children are able to clam themselves, are confident in their
abilities, form lasting and positive relationships with others, and are well-adjusted
Insecure attachment
- Lack consistent care from primary caregiver
- Toddlers are confused or feel they are not worthy of care or protection
- More vulnerable to the impact of trauma
- May lag behind in learning because they are spending so much time trying to get their needs
met - Damaging to self-esteem and mental health
Types of insecure attachment
- Anxious-Ambivalent
- Anxious-Avoidant
- Disorganized
Anxious-Ambivalent attachment
- Toddlers show distress when unfamiliar people are nearby even when caregivers are
present. Toddlers stay close to their primary caregiver and react with great distress during
separation. Toddlers’ reactions upon reunions are ambivalent and resistant. - Caregivers misidentify needs, respond to needs inconsistently, and respond to the same
needs in different degrees - Toddlers are very clingy, and separation anxiety lasts longer than usual. Throughout life, they
are easily frustrated
Anxious-Avoidant attachment
- Toddlers show no preference for primary caregiver versus stranger. During separations,
toddlers show no distress. Once caregivers return, toddlers ignore and avoid their caregivers. - Caregivers respond to physical needs, but not promptly. They do not respond to emotional
needs, and ignore delight or excitement shown by the child - Toddlers see no need to communicate needs and appear “mature” during separations
because anxiety is not exposed. As adults, they prefer to be alone; they value their
independence and rarely admit to having positive feelings for others.
Disorganized attachment
- Toddlers are inconsistent in attachment behaviors. They make poor eye contact with
caregivers and other adults. - Caregivers rarely respond to needs of the child, and when they respond, it doesn’t fit the
need. Caregivers may be severely depressed or on drugs. - Often cases of neglect or abuse
- As toddlers, they often freeze in their footsteps for no apparent reason. As adults, they do not
form lasting intimate relationships and are anxious and depressed. Throughout life, their
behaviors seem different from day to day
Practicing Social and Emotional skills
- Use pretend play as a chance to talk about feelings
- Make a homemade book about feelings
- Use songs to practice feeling words
- Make a cozy place in your home
- Suggest ways to manage strong emotions
- Develop a feelings vocabulary
How do toddlers show love and affection to caretakers?
- Show love and affection to caregivers by wanting to be near them, cuddling, sharing joy in
new experiences and skills, and showing delight when caregivers return after separation.
