NOTABLE CHARTS: CHAPTER 15, 16 + 19

Question 1

long-term memory

Answer 1

involves permanently storing and retrieving information for later use

Question 2

working memory

Answer 2

involves retaining, organizing, and manipulating information to achieve a goal

Question 3

implicit memory

Answer 3

unconscious memory of how to do something

Question 4

explicit memory

Answer 4

conscious memory of facts and events

Question 5

semantic memory

Answer 5

involves knowing facts and concepts, along with associated word meanings

Question 6

episodic memory

Answer 6

involves remembering personal experiences and events, along with the emotions and contexts of these happening

Question 7

counting at 3

Answer 7

children can count up to 3 but not backwards

Question 8

counting at 4

Answer 8

children can count up to 10 and back from 5

Question 9

counting at 5

Answer 9

children can count up to 20 and back from 10

Question 10

articulation at 3

Answer 10

p, m, h, n, w, b

Question 11

articulation at 4

Answer 11

k, g, d, f, y

Question 12

articulation at 5-6

Answer 12

t, ng, r, l

Question 13

grammar rules that 3 year olds begin to use

Answer 13

-ing, -ed, -s, ‘s, (is, am), (a, the), (on, in), change irregular verbs from simple present to simple past

Question 14

heterogenous morality

Answer 14

children are regulated by others, not by personal conviction
1. rules are fixed
2. consequences determine badness
3. punishment is automatic
4. trees, rocks, and toys

Question 15

obedience-punishment orientation

Answer 15

1. children obey rules as taught by authority figures
2. children determine how good or bad an action is by its consequences
3. children fear punishment for wrong doing

Question 16

individualism and exchange

Answer 16

1. children note people have different viewpoints about right and wrong
2. children obey rules as they benefit them
3. children exact justice in an eye-to-eye manner

Question 17

imaginary friends

Answer 17

1. children who create imaginary friends are outgoing
2. most common to have them are oldest children, only children, and children who do not watch television
3. children who have imaginary friends are not shy

Question 18

autonomous reality

Answer 18

children are regulated by rules set with mutual consent
1. rules are not set in stone
2. consequences are determined by intention
3. punishment is based on intent

Question 19

kohlberg stage 5

Answer 19

social contract
1. teens and adults believe acceptable behaviors are determined by socially agreed-upon standards
2. teens and adults believe that the chosen code of conduct is based on the greatest good for the greatest number

Question 20

kohlberg stage 6

Answer 20

universal and ethical principles
1. all acceptable behaviors are based on justice, human dignity, and equality
2. teens and adults prefer personal principles over laws