CHAPTER 12: SLIDESHOW Flashcards
How are toddler brains primed for learning?
- Becomes super dense in synapses
- High concentration of neurotransmitters
- Glial cells responsible for myelination are very active
What is mental imagery?
- Toddlers begin to impose their mental ideas on objects as seen in pretend play
- Eventually leads to abstract thinking and creativity
How do language and memory facilitate learning?
- refining and extending current knowledge
- simplifying the learning of difficult new concepts
- storing in memory what has been learned
Substage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions
12-18 months
* Children’s learning is characterized by working toward a goal, using imitation and
pretense, and having a greater understanding of object permanence
* Toddlers are often called “little scientists” during this stage
Pretense
symbolic actions seen in play that mimic real situations
What is the first level of pretense?
Solitary symbolic play
Substage 6: Mental Imagery or Representation
18-24 months
* Toddlers can think to achieve goals, imitate and engage in pretense, and locate hidden
objects
* Toddlers are now able to think ahead
* Think in terms of actions
* Engage in deferred imitation
* Pretend play now involves others, and they’ll pretend to do things they don’t have the ability
to do in real life
* Understanding of object permanence is complete
When do toddlers enter the second stage of pretense?
Substage 6
What is the second level of pretense?
Collective symbolism
Collective symbolism
by 2, toddlers can use one set of objects to represent
another sent of objects.
Piaget vs Vygotsky
- A child’s current level of thinking vs. laying the foundation for more abstract thinking
3 important origins of abstract thinking
- Pretend play props – foundation for imaginative thinking and abstract concepts
- Language – language impacts thinking and vice versa (self talk)
- Imitation – imitation is used as a means of learning new skills
What do younger toddlers learn?
- Younger toddlers (12 to 18 months of age) work toward a goal, imitate others, and develop their
understanding of object permanence
What do older toddlers learn?
- Older toddlers (18 to 36 months of age) further their comprehension of physics and the world around
them
Major areas of concept learning for toddlers
- distinguishing attributes (properties) of objects
- noting cause and effect
- using spatial relationships
- solving problems
- understanding quantity
- using symbols
What are the first properties that toddlers notice?
major color and size differences in objects
Instead of cause and effect, younger toddlers use…
physical knowledge concepts
How do older toddles test their actions?
repeating and varying them
Using spatial relationships
- Learn about spatial relationships
through play - They can play with toys/objects to
see how they fit (or don’t fit)
together - With improved mobility, they can
crawl under, climb over, or hide
inside objects
What do toddlers use to solve problems?
Trial and error
Do toddlers think about the consequences of their actions?
No
Understanding quantity
Toddlers pick up on these words and
use them, but often incorrectly.
How do older toddlers count?
Rote, but many don’t understand the quantity associated with the number.
How do toddlers begin to use symbols?
Through pretend play
