NOTABLE CHARTS: CHAPTERS 1, 5, 7

Question 1

prenatal development timespan

Answer 1

conception-birth.

Question 2

neonatal development timespan

Answer 2

birth-one month

Question 3

infancy timespan

Answer 3

one month-twelve months

Question 4

toddler timespan

Answer 4

twelve months-thirty six months

Question 5

preschool timespan

Answer 5

three years-six years

Question 6

school-age timespan

Answer 6

six years-twelve years

Question 7

adolescence

Answer 7

twelve years-eighteen years

Question 8

toxic stress

Answer 8

strong and prolonged activation of the body’s stress system

Question 9

tolerable stress

Answer 9

not as long as toxic stress

Question 10

positive stress

Answer 10

moderate and short-lived stress

Question 11

guidelines for observations

Answer 11

1. know your objectives
2. obtain permission to observe
3. know what to do at the site
4. ask questions at convenient times
5. be sure observations do not distract children from regular activities
6. observe carefully and objectively
7. record accurately
8. protect the rights of all observed

Question 12

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Answer 12

clusters of cysts develop in the kidneys and sometimes in the liver. high blood pressure and kidney failure often occur

Question 13

marfan syndrome

Answer 13

damages connective tissues that support the skeleton and body structures

Question 14

huntington’s disease

Answer 14

injures the brain, causing movement, intellectual, and psychiatric disorders

Question 15

sickle-cell anemia

Answer 15

disease that causes an abnormality in red blood cells

Question 16

cystic fibrosis

Answer 16

disease affects cells that produce mucous, sweat, and digestive juices

Question 17

tay-sachs disease

Answer 17

a fatty substance in the child’s brain builds up to toxic levels and affects neuron functioning

Question 18

pku

Answer 18

disease causes an amino acid to build up in the body due to the lack of an enzyme to break down the amino acid

Question 19

duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer 19

muscle fibers are very susceptible to damage

Question 20

hemophilia

Answer 20

disease is a disorder of the blood-clotting system

Question 21

carbohydrates

Answer 21

supply energy to the body

Question 22

proteins

Answer 22

build and maintain the body’s cells and tissues

Question 23

fats

Answer 23

supply energy to the body and help the body absorb and transport certain vitamins

Question 24

vitamins

Answer 24

regulate various body processes such as blood clotting, the immune system, and maintaining skin

Question 25

minerals

Answer 25

promote normal growth and development

Question 26

water

Answer 26

helps regulate body temperature, lubricates joints, protects sensitive tissues, helps get rid of waste, and moves oxygen and nutrients throughout the body

Question 27

first trimester screen

Answer 27

offered to all pregnant people between week 11-14 to address the risk of chromosomal disorders

Question 28

cell-free fetal DNA test

Answer 28

offered to people with high risk for certain chromosomal disorders

Question 29

multiple marker screen

Answer 29

offered between week 15-20 for people at high risk for chromosomal disorders

Question 30

sedative

Answer 30

drug given by injection to help reduce pain and ease anxiety

Question 31

local anesthesia

Answer 31

drug injected to numb the vaginal area when birth is near

Question 32

regional anesthesia

Answer 32

drug injected to numb one area of the body

Question 33

epidural

Answer 33

drug given through a tiny tube placed in the small of the back

Question 34

spinal

Answer 34

drug administered into spinal canal

Question 35

combined spinal epidural

Answer 35

a low dose injected below the spinal cord into the spinal fluid

Question 36

general anesthesia

Answer 36

drug given that puts the birthing person to sleep