CHAPTER 15: VOCABULARY Flashcards
(26 cards)
symbolic thought
the ability to use symbols to represent concrete things
mental images
symbols of objects and past experiences that are stored in the mind
memory capacity
what a person does with their memory, not how much is remembered
episodic memory
the memory of personal experiences and events
preoperational stage
the stage children reach before they acquire logical thinking skills
preconceptual stage
a substage in which children two to four years of age begin to develop and understand some concepts
intuitive substage
children are sometimes able to grasp a problem’s solution by relying on their mental imagery rather than using logical reasoning
egocentrism
the preschooler’s belief that everyone thinks in the same way and has the same ideas as they do
centration
centering attention on only one part of an object or event instead of seeing all parts at the same time
transformations
sequences of changes
transductive reasoning
mentally linking events without a logical reason
physical attributes
3 and 4 year olds pay attention to color and size
5 year olds primarily note shapes
physical knowledge
knowledge acquired through observations of the physical world
logical thinking concepts
those not directly experienced through the senses, but are developed through thought
classifying
choosing an attribute, selecting all objects that contain the given attribute, and then recognizing items that do not contain the attribute
seriation
arranging objects in order by the increasing or decreasing magnitude of one of the object’s attributes
mental maps
remembered mental constructions that organize spatial relationships from an individual’s perspective
egocentric speech
preschoolers talk as though the listener will understand what they are trying to communicate in the same way as they do
monologue
talking to oneself as though thinking aloud
collective monologue
talking to another person or group of people, but not listening to what the other person is saying
tag questions
formed by making a statement and then adding yes or no to ask the question
reading readiness
a belief that children should be formally taught reading and writing when developmentally ready for instruction
maturational theory of child development
the belief that children mature on a genetic timetable and that skills and concepts should only be taught when children are biologically ready to learn them
emergent literacy
all aspects of literacy are developmental and learned in interactive ways
