chapter 10 Flashcards by Meghann Showvaker

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To carry electrical messages all over the body

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What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

Central nervous system (CNS) * Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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What is the central nervous system composed of?

Brain * Spinal cord

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What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Cranial nerves * Spinal nerves * Plexuses * Peripheral nerves throughout the body

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What are sensory nerves responsible for?

Carrying messages toward the brain

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What do motor nerves do?

Carry messages away from the brain

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Define mixed nerves.

Nerves that carry both sensory and motor fibers

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What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

Carries impulses from the CNS to the organs

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What is the role of sympathetic nerves?

Stimulate the body under stress

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What do parasympathetic nerves do?

Balance the sympathetic system by slowing heart rate and lowering blood pressure

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What is a neuron?

An individual nerve cell

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List the anatomical parts of a neuron.

Dendrites * Cell body * Cell nucleus * Axon * Myelin sheath * Terminal end fibers

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What is the function of neurotransmitters?

Transfer impulses across synapses

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What are glial cells?

Cells that maintain the health of the nervous system and do not transmit impulses

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Name the four types of glial cells.

Astrocytes * Microglia * Oligodendroglia * Ependymal cells

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What is the largest section of the brain?

Cerebrum

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What does the cerebellum coordinate?

Voluntary movements and maintains balance

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What is the function of the thalamus?

Integrates and monitors impulses from skin (pain)

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What does the hypothalamus control?

Body temperature * Sleep * Appetite * Sexual desire * Emotions

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What is the function of the brainstem?

Connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord

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What are the three layers of the meninges?

Dura mater * Arachnoid membrane * Pia mater

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Define cerebrospinal fluid.

Fluid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord

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What is the role of the blood-brain barrier?

Protective separation between the blood and brain cells

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What is an afferent nerve?

Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord

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What does an efferent nerve do?

Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord

What is the cauda equina?

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

Regulates blood vessels, heart, and respiratory system

What is hydrocephalus?

A congenital disorder characterized by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid

What does ALS stand for?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

What is the purpose of an EEG?

To measure electrical activity in the brain

What does CVA stand for?

Cerebrovascular accident

True or False: The term 'neuralgia' refers to nerve pain.

True

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the part of the brain that controls body temperature and sleep.

hypothalamus

What is the primary role of the pons?

Bridges the cerebrum and cerebellum with the rest of the brain

What is a synapse?

The space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

Surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell

What is the role of microglial cells?

Remove waste products from the central nervous system

What are the cranial nerves?

Twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain

What is an example of a traumatic disorder?

Cerebral concussion

What is the function of the vagus nerve?

Branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach

What is the term for a network of nerves?

Plexus

What does 'neurotransmitter' refer to?

Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell

What is the definition of 'stimulus'?

An agent of change in the environment that evokes a response

What does MAC stand for?

monitored anesthetic care

What is the abbreviation for myasthenia gravis?

What does MRA stand for?

magnetic resonance angiography

What does MRI stand for?

magnetic resonance imaging

What does PCA stand for?

patient-controlled anesthesia

What does PNS stand for?

peripheral nervous system

What does PET stand for?

positron emission tomography

What does Sz stand for?

seizure

What does TBI stand for?

traumatic brain injury

What does TENS stand for?

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

What does TIA stand for?

transient ischemic attack

What does TLE stand for?

temporal lobe epilepsy

What does tPA stand for?

tissue plasminogen activator

What symptoms signal nervous system problems?

N/A

What tests are conducted to diagnose nervous system problems?

N/A

Why are an MRI and an MRA ordered?

N/A

What are common pathologies of the nervous system?

N/A

What does the combining form 'alges/o' mean?

sensitivity to pain

What does the combining form 'angi/o' mean?

vessel, blood

What does the combining form 'caus/o' mean?

burn, burning

What does the combining form 'cephal/o' mean?

head

What does the combining form 'cerebell/o' mean?

cerebellum

What does the combining form 'cerebr/o' mean?

cerebrum

What does the combining form 'comat/o' mean?

deep sleep

What does the combining form 'crani/o' mean?

skull

What does the combining form 'cry/o' mean?

cold

What does the combining form 'dur/o' mean?

dura mater

What does the combining form 'encephal/o' mean?

brain

What does the combining form 'esthesi/o' mean?

nervous sensation

What does the combining form 'gli/o' mean?

glue

What does the combining form 'hydr/o' mean?

water

What does the combining form 'kines/o' mean?

movement

What does the combining form 'lept/o' mean?

thin, slender

What does the combining form 'lex/o' mean?

word, phrase

What does the combining form 'mening/o' mean?

membranes, meninges

What does the combining form 'my/o' mean?

muscle

What does the combining form 'myel/o' mean?

spinal cord

What does the combining form 'narc/o' mean?

sleep

What does the combining form 'neur/o' mean?

nerve

What does the combining form 'olig/o' mean?

scanty

What does the combining form 'pont/o' mean?

pons

What does the combining form 'radicul/o' mean?

nerve root

What does the combining form 'spin/o' mean?

spine

What does the combining form 'syncop/o' mean?

cut off

What does the combining form 'tax/o' mean?

order

What does the combining form 'thalam/o' mean?

thalamus

What does the combining form 'thec/o' mean?

sheath (refers to meninges)

What does the combining form 'troph/o' mean?

nourishment

What does the combining form 'vag/o' mean?

vagus nerve