chapter12

Question 1

What is the exchange of air in lung capillaries called?

Answer 1

External respiration

Oxygen inhaled into the air sacs of the lungs immediately passes into capillaries, while carbon dioxide passes from capillaries into air sacs to be exhaled.

Question 2

What is the process of gas exchange in the cells known as?

Answer 2

Internal respiration

Occurs simultaneously between cells and capillaries, where oxygen passes out of the bloodstream into the tissues and carbon dioxide passes back into the bloodstream.

Question 3

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 3

Middle of chest where trachea divides into two branches

Question 4

What do bronchi lead to?

Answer 4

Each leads to a separate lung

Question 5

What is the function of the hilum in the lungs?

Answer 5

Blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and bronchial tubes enter and exit

Question 6

What structures conduct air in the respiratory system?

Answer 6

• Nose
• Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea

Question 7

What structures are involved in gas exchange?

Answer 7

• Bronchioles
• Alveoli
• Lung capillaries

Question 8

What is the definition of an alveolus?

Answer 8

Air sac in the lung

Question 9

What is the apex of the lung?

Answer 9

Tip or uppermost portion of the lung

Question 10

What is the base of the lung?

Answer 10

The lower portion of the lung

Question 11

What are bronchioles?

Answer 11

The smallest branches of the bronchi

Question 12

What is carbon dioxide (CO2)?

Answer 12

Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine; exhaled through the lungs

Question 13

What is the function of cilia in the respiratory tract?

Answer 13

Thin hairs attached to mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract

Question 14

What is the diaphragm’s role in respiration?

Answer 14

Muscle separating the chest and abdomen; contracts to pull air into lungs and relaxes to push air out

Question 15

What is expiration?

Answer 15

Breathing out (exhalation)

Question 16

What does the glottis refer to?

Answer 16

Slit-like opening to the larynx

Question 17

What is the definition of inspiration?

Answer 17

Breathing in (inhalation)

Question 18

What is the larynx commonly known as?

Answer 18

Voice box; contains the vocal cords

Question 19

What is a lobe in the context of the lungs?

Answer 19

Division of a lung

Question 20

What does pleura refer to?

Answer 20

Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

Question 21

What is pulmonary parenchyma?

Answer 21

Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli

Question 22

What is respiration?

Answer 22

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing

Question 23

What is the trachea commonly called?

Answer 23

Windpipe

Question 24

What does visceral pleura refer to?

Answer 24

Inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue

Question 25

What is the definition of a pulmonary function test (PFT)?

Answer 25

Tests that measure how well the lungs work

Question 26

What does the abbreviation ABGs stand for?

Answer 26

Arterial blood gases

Question 27

What does the abbreviation COPD stand for?

Answer 27

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 28

What is a common upper respiratory disorder?

Answer 28

Croup

Question 29

What is atelectasis?

Answer 29

Proximal obstruction of distal airways; accumulations of fluid, blood, or air in the pleural cavity

Question 30

What is pleural effusion?

Answer 30

Fluid accumulation in the pleural space

Question 31

What is a thoracentesis?

Answer 31

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from pleural space

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the muscle that contracts to pull air into the lungs.

Answer 32

diaphragm

Question 33

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 33

Keeps food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing