chapter 5

Question 1

What are the four main functions of the digestive system?

Answer 1

• ingestion
• digestion
• absorption
• elimination

Question 2

Define ingestion in the context of the digestive system.

Answer 2

Food material taken into the mouth

Question 3

What is digestion?

Answer 3

Food is broken down, mechanically and chemically, as it travels through the gastrointestinal tract

Question 4

What do digestive enzymes do?

Answer 4

Aid the breakdown of complex nutrients

Question 5

Proteins are broken down into _______.

Answer 5

amino acids

Question 6

Sugars are converted into _______.

Answer 6

glucose

Question 7

Fats are broken down into _______ or _______.

Answer 7

fatty acids or triglycerides

Question 8

Where does absorption occur in the digestive system?

Answer 8

Through lining cells of the small intestine

Question 9

What is the purpose of absorption?

Answer 9

To allow nutrients to travel to all cells of the body

Question 10

What is elimination in the digestive system?

Answer 10

The body eliminates solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 11

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 11

Concentrates feces

Question 12

What is the terminal end of the digestive tract called?

Answer 12

anus

Question 13

What are the major parts of the oral cavity? List at least five.

Answer 13

• Cheeks
• Lips
• Hard palate
• Soft palate
• Tongue

Question 14

What is the function of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)?

Answer 14

Controls the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach

Question 15

What is the first part of the large intestine?

Answer 15

Cecum

Question 16

What is the primary role of the liver?

Answer 16

Produces bile and helps maintain normal blood glucose levels

Question 17

What is bile?

Answer 17

Digestive juice made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder

Question 18

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 18

Produces insulin and digestive enzymes

Question 19

What term describes the act of swallowing?

Answer 19

Deglutition

Question 20

Define absorption in the digestive system.

Answer 20

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

Question 21

What is the function of saliva?

Answer 21

Digestive juice produced by salivary glands containing the enzyme amylase

Question 22

What is the term for the inflammation of the lip?

Answer 22

Cheilitis

Question 23

What is constipation?

Answer 23

Difficulty in passing stools

Question 24

What is diarrhea?

Answer 24

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools

Question 25

What does dysphagia refer to?

Answer 25

Difficulty in swallowing

Question 26

What is jaundice?

Answer 26

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes due to high levels of bilirubin

Question 27

What is melena?

Answer 27

Black, tarry stools containing digested blood

Question 28

What is an anal fistula?

Answer 28

Abnormal tubelike passageway near the anus

Question 29

What is Crohn disease?

Answer 29

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Question 30

What is the definition of hemorrhoids?

Answer 30

Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

Question 31

Which enzyme digests starch?

Answer 31

Amylase

Question 32

What is the combining form for the liver?

Answer 32

hepat/o

Question 33

What is the combining form for the stomach?

Answer 33

gastr/o

Question 34

What does the term 'peristalsis' refer to?

Answer 34

Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

Question 35

What is the significance of the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 35

Controls passage from the stomach to the duodenum

Question 36

What does the term 'villi' refer to?

Answer 36

Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients

Question 37

What is the definition of defecation?

Answer 37

Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

Question 38

What is the term for the inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers?

Answer 38

Aphthous stomatitis

Question 39

What is the combining form for the small intestine?

Answer 39

enter/o

Question 40

What is the term for gas expelled through the anus?

Answer 40

Flatus

Question 41

Which part of the small intestine is the first section?

Answer 41

Duodenum

Question 42

What is the anatomical term for the crown of a tooth?

Answer 42

The visible part above the gum

Question 43

What is the term for the failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax?

Answer 43

Achalasia

Question 44

What is the term for the twisting of the intestines?

Answer 44

Volvulus

Question 45

What is Ileus?

Answer 45

Failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines.

Question 46

Define Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Answer 46

Inflammation of the colon and small intestine.

Question 47

What condition involves telescoping of the intestines?

Answer 47

Intussusception.

Question 48

What does IBS stand for?

Answer 48

Irritable bowel syndrome.

Question 49

What are the symptoms associated with IBS?

Answer 49

Group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension.

Question 50

Define Ulcerative colitis.

Answer 50

Chronic inflammation of the colon with the presence of ulcers.

Question 51

What is Volvulus?

Answer 51

Twisting of the intestines on itself.

Question 52

What is Cirrhosis?

Answer 52

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver.

Question 53

What is Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?

Answer 53

Liver cancer.

Question 54

Define Pancreatic cancer.

Answer 54

Malignant tumor of the pancreas.

Question 55

What condition is characterized by inflammation of the pancreas?

Answer 55

Pancreatitis.

Question 56

What is Viral hepatitis?

Answer 56

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus.

Question 57

Define Cholelithiasis.

Answer 57

Gallstones in the gallbladder.