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Chapter 13 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main components of blood?

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma

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2
Q

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

A

Transport oxygen

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3
Q

What is the role of white blood cells?

A

Involved in immune responses

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4
Q

What do platelets do?

A

Aid in clotting

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5
Q

Name the five types of white blood cells.

A
  • Basophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Neutrophils
  • Monocytes
  • Lymphocytes
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6
Q

What is the universal donor blood type?

A

O-negative

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7
Q

What is the normal range for white blood cell count?

A

4 to 12

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8
Q

True or False: O-negative recipients can receive blood from any donor.

A

False

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9
Q

What are anticoagulants?

A

Medications that prevent clot formation

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10
Q

What condition is characterized by low red blood cell count?

A

Anemia

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of forming blood clots is called _______.

A

Coagulation

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12
Q

What is the function of albumin in plasma?

A

Maintains blood volume

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13
Q

What are globulins responsible for?

A

Immune function

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14
Q

What is fibrinogen’s role in blood?

A

Clotting

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15
Q

What does a CBC with differential provide?

A

Counts the different types of white blood cells

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16
Q

What is homolysis?

A

Breakdown of red blood cells

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17
Q

What does DVT stand for?

A

Deep vein thrombosis

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18
Q

True or False: Heparin is a naturally occurring anticoagulant.

A

True

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19
Q

What does the term ‘thrombocyte’ refer to?

A

Platelet

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20
Q

What is the importance of knowing a patient’s blood type in emergencies?

A

To administer the correct blood type quickly

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21
Q

What is the difference between whole blood and packed red blood cells?

A

Whole blood contains all components; packed red blood cells are separated from plasma

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22
Q

What happens to white blood cell counts during an infection?

A

They increase

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23
Q

What is the abbreviation for colony stimulating factor?

A

CSF

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: The lymphatic system transports _______ back to the circulatory system.

A

Lymph

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25
What is the term for the process of blood clotting?
Coagulation
26
What does 'emia' refer to?
Of the blood
27
What is polycythemia vera?
Excess red blood cells
28
What condition is characterized by excessive bleeding due to lack of clotting factors?
Hemophilia
29
What is leukemia?
Cancer of white blood cells
30
What are the two types of immunity?
* Natural * Adaptive
31
What is the role of the lymphatic system in immunity?
Plays a role in immune defense
32
What does Mylo deal with?
Bone marrow ## Footnote Mylo is a term related to bone marrow problems.
33
What is the medical term for a deficiency in red blood cells?
Anemia ## Footnote Anemia refers to a deficiency in erythrocytes or low red blood cell counts.
34
What is the most common type of anemia?
Iron deficiency anemia ## Footnote Other types of anemia include sickle cell, pernicious anemia, and hemolytic anemia.
35
What condition is characterized by a general increase in red blood cells?
Polycythemia vera ## Footnote This condition results in the body's creation of an excess amount of red blood cells.
36
What is a common treatment for polycythemia vera?
Phlebotomy ## Footnote Therapeutic phlebotomy involves removing a unit of blood from the patient.
37
What condition causes excessive bleeding due to a lack of clotting factors?
Hemophilia ## Footnote Hemophilia leads to easy bleeding and can result in bleeding into weight-bearing joints.
38
What is leukemia?
Cancer of the blood affecting white blood cells ## Footnote Leukemia is characterized by an increase in cancerous white blood cells.
39
What does CBC stand for?
Complete blood count ## Footnote A CBC provides information about red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
40
What are H and H in medical terms?
Hemoglobin and hematocrit ## Footnote H and H are commonly referenced in blood tests.
41
What is WBC an abbreviation for?
White blood cell count ## Footnote WBC is an important measure in a complete blood count (CBC).
42
What does WNL stand for?
Within normal limits ## Footnote This term indicates that test results fall within the normal range.
43
What is the term for the liquid component of blood?
Plasma ## Footnote Plasma is the liquid that carries blood cells and other substances.
44
What is the term for medications that prevent blood clotting?
Anticoagulants ## Footnote Anticoagulants are used to reduce the risk of blood clots.
45
What is the role of platelets?
Clotting ## Footnote Platelets, also known as thromocytes, are essential for blood clot formation.
46
What does the prefix 'erythro' refer to?
Red blood cells ## Footnote 'Erythro' is a prefix used in terms related to red blood cells.
47
What is the condition called that results in an increase in red blood cells?
Polycythemia vera ## Footnote This condition leads to elevated levels of red blood cells in the body.
48
What is the cancer of white blood cells called?
Leukemia ## Footnote Leukemia involves an uncontrolled increase in white blood cells.
49
What is lymph?
Clear watery fluid that surrounds body cells ## Footnote Lymph originates from blood and is collected by lymph vessels.
50
What are the major components of the lymphatic system?
* Capillaries * Vessels * Nodes ## Footnote These components work together to transport lymph back to the circulatory system.
51
What is the role of the spleen in the lymphatic system?
Destroys old red blood cells ## Footnote The spleen filters bacteria and viruses and is essential for the immune response.
52
What type of cells are found in lymph nodes?
* B cells * T cells * Macrophages ## Footnote These cells play a crucial role in the immune response.
53
What does the term 'hemolysis' refer to?
Destruction of old red blood cells ## Footnote Hemolysis is a process carried out primarily by the spleen.
54
What is the spleen?
A major component of the lymph system.
55
What are leukocytes?
White blood cells.
56
Define immunity.
The body's ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins and damage tissues and organs.
57
What is natural immunity?
Immunity that is present at birth.
58
What is adaptive immunity?
Immunity that the body learns over time through exposure to pathogens or vaccines.
59
Does getting a flu vaccine guarantee that you won't get the flu?
No, but it reduces the severity of symptoms.
60
How does the body respond to vaccines?
Creates antibodies to recognize and attack the disease upon exposure.
61
What is an antigen?
A substance or foreign invader in the body that triggers an immune response.
62
What is an antibody?
A protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens.
63
What is lymph?
A thin, watery fluid that originates in blood.
64
What is the role of the spleen in the lymph system?
It acts as a major organ involved in immune responses.
65
What is an allergy?
An abnormal sensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen.
66
What is anaphylaxis?
The most severe hypersensitivity reaction, which can be life-threatening.
67
What symptoms can occur during anaphylaxis?
* Angioedema * Constricted airways * Spike in temperature * Spike in heart rate * Drop in blood pressure
68
What should you monitor after administering a new medication?
The patient for 15 to 20 minutes for potential allergic reactions.
69
What is the significance of the term 'immuno'?
It relates to immune protection.
70
What does 'lympho' refer to?
It pertains to the lymph system.
71
What does edema refer to?
Swelling in the body.
72
What is the relationship between anaphylaxis and the immune system?
Anaphylaxis occurs when the immune system has an ineffective response to an antigen.
73
What is the process of vaccination?
Inducing immunity to a disease or infection through exposure to killed microorganisms, toxins, or proteins.
74
What lymphocyte forms into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies?
B cell.
75
What is the formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen called?
Adaptive immune response.

medical term (25 decks)

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