chapter7 Flashcards
What are the essential organs of the urinary system?
Kidney, Ureter, Urinary bladder, Urethra
These organs work together to filter blood, produce urine, and eliminate waste.
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
Filter nitrogenous wastes to form urine
About 200 quarts of blood are filtered daily to produce approximately 2 quarts of urine.
What are nitrogenous wastes?
Urea, Creatinine, Uric acid
These are byproducts of protein metabolism that are excreted in urine.
What hormone does the kidney release to stimulate red blood cell production?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
EPO is secreted by the kidneys and acts on the bone marrow.
What is the glomerulus?
Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney
It is crucial for the filtration of blood.
What is the nephron?
The functional unit of the kidney where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place
Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons.
What are the three steps in the formation of urine?
Glomerular filtration, Tubular reabsorption, Tubular secretion
This process involves filtering blood and returning necessary substances to the bloodstream.
What is the renal pelvis?
Central collection region in the kidney
It funnels urine from the collecting tubules into the ureter.
What is the function of renin?
Enzyme secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure
Renin plays a critical role in blood pressure regulation.
What is urination also known as?
Voiding
This is the process of expelling urine from the urinary bladder.
What does a urinalysis test for?
Color, Appearance, pH, Protein, Glucose, Specific gravity, Ketone bodies, Sediment, Bilirubin
These parameters help assess kidney function and detect diseases.
True or False: The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.
True
It plays an essential role in the urinary system.
What is the meaning of the combining form ‘nephr/o’?
Kidney
This combining form is used in various medical terms related to kidney function.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is an electrolyte regulated by the kidneys.
Potassium (K+)
It is essential for many bodily functions, including muscle contraction.
What is glomerulonephritis?
A pathological condition of the kidney characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli
It can lead to kidney damage and affects filtration.
What does ‘nocturia’ refer to?
Frequent urination at night
It can be a symptom of various medical conditions.
What is dialysis?
A clinical procedure to remove waste products from the blood
It is crucial for patients with renal failure.
What does the abbreviation ‘BUN’ stand for?
Blood urea nitrogen
It is a common laboratory test to assess kidney function.
What does the suffix -poietin mean?
substance that forms
Examples include erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production.
What does the suffix -ptosis refer to?
droop; sag
Often used in medical terms related to organ displacement.
What does the suffix -rrhea indicate?
flow; discharge
Commonly used in terms like diarrhea.
What does the suffix -sclerosis mean?
hardening
Used in conditions such as arteriosclerosis.
What does the suffix -stomy denote?
new opening (to form a mouth)
Examples include colostomy.
What does the suffix -tomy refer to?
process of cutting
Commonly found in surgical terms.
