chapter 13

Question 1

What is the primary function of blood?

Answer 1

Transports foods, gases, and wastes to and from the cells of the body

Blood also transports chemical messengers, blood proteins, white blood cells, and platelets.

Question 2

What are the main components of blood?

Answer 2

Cells and plasma

Cells include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. Plasma contains water, wastes, nutrients, salts, hormones, lipids, and vitamins.

Question 3

What percentage of blood volume is made up of cells?

Answer 3

45%

Question 4

What are erythrocytes responsible for?

Answer 4

Transporting nutrients and oxygen

Question 5

What are the different types of leukocytes?

Answer 5

• Basophils
• Eosinophils
• Neutrophils
• Monocytes
• Lymphocytes

Question 6

What is the role of basophils?

Answer 6

Contain heparin (prevents clotting) and histamine (involved in allergic responses)

Question 7

What is coagulation?

Answer 7

Blood clotting

Question 8

What are the four major blood types?

Answer 8

• Type A
• Type B
• Type AB
• Type O

Question 9

Fill in the blank: Type AB blood has _______ and no antibodies.

Answer 9

A and B antigens

Question 10

What is the function of thrombocytes?

Answer 10

Clot blood

Question 11

What is albumin?

Answer 11

Protein in the blood; maintains the proper amount of water in blood

Question 12

What is the function of erythropoietin (EPO)?

Answer 12

Stimulates red blood cell formation

Question 13

What is hemolysis?

Answer 13

Breakdown of red blood cells

Question 14

Define anemia.

Answer 14

A deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

Question 15

What type of anemia is caused by an inability to absorb vitamin B12?

Answer 15

Pernicious anemia

Question 16

What is heparin?

Answer 16

An anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

Question 17

What is leukemia?

Answer 17

An increase in cancerous white blood cells

Question 18

What is the complete blood count (CBC)?

Answer 18

A laboratory test that evaluates overall blood health

Question 19

True or False: Type O blood is considered the universal donor.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What does the term ‘thrombocyte’ refer to?

Answer 20

Platelets

Question 21

What is the role of lymphocytes?

Answer 21

Control the immune response; make antibodies to antigens

Question 22

What is the significance of the Rh factor?

Answer 22

Determines if blood is Rh-positive or Rh-negative

Question 23

What is the function of neutrophils?

Answer 23

Phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection

Question 24

What is plasmapheresis?

Answer 24

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The enzyme _______ converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation.

Answer 25

thrombin

Question 26

What is the purpose of a bone marrow biopsy?

Answer 26

Microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle

Question 27

What is granulocytosis?

Answer 27

Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood

Question 28

What does the term 'hemolytic anemia' refer to?

Answer 28

Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

Question 29

What is prothrombin?

Answer 29

Plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process

Question 30

What are immunoglobulins?

Answer 30

Proteins with antibody activity

Question 31

What is the function of macrophages?

Answer 31

Engulf foreign material and debris; destroy worn out RBCs

Question 32

What is the significance of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?

Answer 32

Measures how quickly red blood cells settle at the bottom of a test tube

Question 33

What does CSF stand for?

Answer 33

Colony-stimulating factor

Question 34

Fill in the blank: A _______ is an unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms.

Answer 34

stem cell

Question 35

What is the role of fibrinogen?

Answer 35

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process