chapter 14 Flashcards
What is lymph?
Clear watery fluid that surrounds body cells and flows in a system of lymph vessels throughout the body
Originates in blood and is rich in lymphocytes and monocytes
What are the main functions of the lymphatic system?
- Transports proteins and fluid back to the bloodstream
- Absorbs lipids from intestines and transports them to the bloodstream
- Protects the body by mounting a cellular attack on foreign cells and organisms
What structures are included in interstitial fluid and lymph capillaries?
- Blood capillaries
- Lymph capillaries
- Lymph vessel
- Interstitial fluid
- Tissue cells
What are the types of lymph nodes?
- Cervical (neck)
- Axillary (armpit)
- Mediastinal (chest)
- Mesenteric (intestinal)
- Paraaortic (lumbar)
- Inguinal (groin)
What is the role of macrophages in the lymphatic system?
Phagocytose foreign substances
What do B lymphocytes (B cells) do?
Produce antibodies and mature in the bone marrow
What do T lymphocytes (T cells) do?
Attack bacteria and foreign cells; originate in the thymus gland
What are the functions of the spleen?
- Destroys old red blood cells
- Filters microorganisms and foreign material out of the blood
- Activates lymphocytes during blood filtration
- Stores blood, especially erythrocytes (RBCs) and platelets
What does the thymus gland provide during early life?
Immunity and makes cells immunocompetent
Define immunity.
The body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs; can be natural or adaptive
What is natural immunity?
Resistance present at birth; not dependent on prior exposure to an antigen
What is adaptive immunity?
Body’s ability to recognize and remember specific antigens in an immune response
What are the roles of T and B cells in adaptive immunity?
- T cells: responsible for cell-mediated immunity
- B cells: responsible for humoral immunity and produce antibodies
What are dendritic cells?
Macrophage derived from monocytes that recognize and digest foreign antigens
What are monoclonal antibodies (MoAb)?
Multiple copies of cells or genes that kill tumor cells; passive immunotherapy
What is a vaccine?
Weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease
What is a malignant tumor of lymph nodes called?
Lymphoma
What is the ELISA test used for?
Detects anti-HIV antibodies
What does HAART stand for?
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy
What is the function of cytokines?
Proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction
What is the role of helper T cells (CD4+ T cells)?
Aids B cells and stimulates T cells
Fill in the blank: The fluid in the spaces between cells is called _______.
interstitial fluid
What does the term ‘immunotherapy’ refer to?
Use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease
What does the term ‘tox’ refer to in medical terminology?
Poison
