Flashcards in Chapter 13 - Substance Use and Abuse Deck (45)
1
give 2 definitions of drugs
1)substances used as medications or in the preparation of medication
2) substances that cause addiction, habituation, or a marked change in consciousness
2
addiction
compulsive physiological need
3
habituation
tolerance to the drug effects
4
dietary supplements
ingredients found in food that are processed to provide one or more micro and macronutrients
5
list 3 everyday drugs
-caffeine
-nicotine
-alcohol
6
list 5 places caffeine can be found
1)coffee beans
2)tea leaves
3)cocoa beans
4)cola nuts
5)energy drinks
7
____-____mg of caffeine is not associated with adverse effects
400-450mg (2 cups of brewed coffee)
8
___mg IOC limit (~ 4-7 cups of brewed coffee)
12mg
9
what is the stimulant from caffeine?
CNS stimulant
10
what 3 things does CNS stimulant do?
1) increase alertness
2) increase fat burning
3) non-user side effects
11
list 6 non-user side effects of caffeine
1) insomnia
2) headaches
3) irritability
4) nervousness
5) elevated heart rate
6) high blood pressure
12
what kind of drug is alcohol?
depressant
13
true or false: alcohol has no ergogenic effect
true
14
12 ounces of beer = __ ounces of wine = __ ounces of hard liquer
5 ounces of wine, 1 ounce of hard liquer
15
what are 4 psychological effects of alcohol?
1) reduced tension
2) reduced anxiety
3) enhanced self-confidence
4) promotion of aggression
16
what are the 3 types of effects alcohol gives?
1) psychological effects
2) anti-tremor effects
3) negative side effects
17
what are 5 negative side effects produced by alcohol?
1) motor coordination
2) hand and eye coordination
3) reaction time
4) information processing
5) decision making
18
true or false: nicotine is a depressant
FALSE: nicotine is a stimulant
19
does nicotine have ergogenic effects?
no
20
true or false: nicotine is harmful and dangerous to almost ALL levels of body functioning
true
21
what does nicotine do to blood vessels?
decreases oxygen carrying capacity
22
what does nicotine do to the heart?
- restricts oxygen supply
- increases oxygen demand
- increases heart rate and blood pressure
23
what does nicotine do to the lungs (alveoli)?
alters blood and airflow
24
what does nicotine do to the skin?
decreases temperature
25
______ is irritant and cardinogenic
nicotine
26
what are the 6 types of illegal drugs?
1) stimulants
2) depressants
3) hallucinogens
4) anabolic steroids
5) opiates
6) cannabis
27
what do stimulants and depressants affect?
brain
28
what do hallucinogens affect?
perception and thought
29
what does anabolic steroids affect?
muscles
30
what do opiates affect?
sleep and pain
31
what are 4 examples of cannabis?
marijuana, hashish, hash oil, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
32
what are 3 examples of stimulants?
cocaine, crack, ecstasy
33
what are 3 examples of depressants?
barbiturates, anavar, dinnabol
34
give 3 examples of hallucinogens
LSD, PCP, mushrooms
35
give 3 examples of opiates
heroin, morphine and codine
36
what are the 3 effects from cannabis?
psychological, cognitive and physical
37
give 2 examples of psychological effects from cannabis
1) feelings of calm and relaxation
2) talkativeness
38
what are 4 cognitive effects of cannabis
1)impairs concentration
2)impairs short term memory
3)more vibrant sensory perception
4)alters sense of time and space
39
what are 5 physical effects of cannabis?
1)impairs coordination and balance
2)increases appetite
3)rapid heart rate
4)red eyes
5)dry mouth and throat
40
ergogenic aids
substances that enhance work output, particularly as it relates to athletic performance (include drugs and dietary supplements)
41
what are the 4 basic ergogenic mechanisms?
1)CNS stimulation
2)increase substrate storage
3)supplemental energy source
4)facilitation of recovery
42
what are athletes 2 beliefs about reasoning for supplementation?
1) ensures adequate micronutrient intake
2) "supercharging" elevates performance and training
43
what are the 3 scientific evidence for reasoning for supplementation?
1) ensures adequate micronutrient intake ONLY for those athletes who are deficient
2) not necessary for those who maintain well-balanced diet
3) "supercharging" maybe harmful to death
44
"super"
loading of muscle glycogen stores
45