Chapter 13 - Substance Use and Abuse

Question 1

give 2 definitions of drugs

Answer 1

1) substances used as medications or in the preparation of medication
2) substances that cause addiction, habituation, or a marked change in consciousness

Question 2

addiction

Answer 2

compulsive physiological need

Question 3

habituation

Answer 3

tolerance to the drug effects

Question 4

dietary supplements

Answer 4

ingredients found in food that are processed to provide one or more micro and macronutrients

Question 5

list 3 everyday drugs

Answer 5

• caffeine
• nicotine
• alcohol

Question 6

list 5 places caffeine can be found

Answer 6

1) coffee beans
2) tea leaves
3) cocoa beans
4) cola nuts
5) energy drinks

Question 7

____-____mg of caffeine is not associated with adverse effects

Answer 7

400-450mg (2 cups of brewed coffee)

Question 8

___mg IOC limit (~ 4-7 cups of brewed coffee)

Answer 8

12mg

Question 9

what is the stimulant from caffeine?

Answer 9

CNS stimulant

Question 10

what 3 things does CNS stimulant do?

Answer 10

1) increase alertness
2) increase fat burning
3) non-user side effects

Question 11

list 6 non-user side effects of caffeine

Answer 11

1) insomnia
2) headaches
3) irritability
4) nervousness
5) elevated heart rate
6) high blood pressure

Question 12

what kind of drug is alcohol?

Answer 12

depressant

Question 13

true or false: alcohol has no ergogenic effect

Answer 13

true

Question 14

12 ounces of beer = __ ounces of wine = __ ounces of hard liquer

Answer 14

5 ounces of wine, 1 ounce of hard liquer

Question 15

what are 4 psychological effects of alcohol?

Answer 15

1) reduced tension
2) reduced anxiety
3) enhanced self-confidence
4) promotion of aggression

Question 16

what are the 3 types of effects alcohol gives?

Answer 16

1) psychological effects
2) anti-tremor effects
3) negative side effects

Question 17

what are 5 negative side effects produced by alcohol?

Answer 17

1) motor coordination
2) hand and eye coordination
3) reaction time
4) information processing
5) decision making

Question 18

true or false: nicotine is a depressant

Answer 18

FALSE: nicotine is a stimulant

Question 19

does nicotine have ergogenic effects?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

true or false: nicotine is harmful and dangerous to almost ALL levels of body functioning

Answer 20

true

Question 21

what does nicotine do to blood vessels?

Answer 21

decreases oxygen carrying capacity

Question 22

what does nicotine do to the heart?

Answer 22

• restricts oxygen supply
• increases oxygen demand
• increases heart rate and blood pressure

Question 23

what does nicotine do to the lungs (alveoli)?

Answer 23

alters blood and airflow

Question 24

what does nicotine do to the skin?

Answer 24

decreases temperature

Question 25

______ is irritant and cardinogenic

Answer 25

nicotine

Question 26

what are the 6 types of illegal drugs?

Answer 26

1) stimulants 2) depressants 3) hallucinogens 4) anabolic steroids 5) opiates 6) cannabis

Question 27

what do stimulants and depressants affect?

Answer 27

brain

Question 28

what do hallucinogens affect?

Answer 28

perception and thought

Question 29

what does anabolic steroids affect?

Answer 29

muscles

Question 30

what do opiates affect?

Answer 30

sleep and pain

Question 31

what are 4 examples of cannabis?

Answer 31

marijuana, hashish, hash oil, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Question 32

what are 3 examples of stimulants?

Answer 32

cocaine, crack, ecstasy

Question 33

what are 3 examples of depressants?

Answer 33

barbiturates, anavar, dinnabol

Question 34

give 3 examples of hallucinogens

Answer 34

LSD, PCP, mushrooms

Question 35

give 3 examples of opiates

Answer 35

heroin, morphine and codine

Question 36

what are the 3 effects from cannabis?

Answer 36

psychological, cognitive and physical

Question 37

give 2 examples of psychological effects from cannabis

Answer 37

1) feelings of calm and relaxation | 2) talkativeness

Question 38

what are 4 cognitive effects of cannabis

Answer 38

1) impairs concentration 2) impairs short term memory 3) more vibrant sensory perception 4) alters sense of time and space

Question 39

what are 5 physical effects of cannabis?

Answer 39

1) impairs coordination and balance 2) increases appetite 3) rapid heart rate 4) red eyes 5) dry mouth and throat

Question 40

ergogenic aids

Answer 40

substances that enhance work output, particularly as it relates to athletic performance (include drugs and dietary supplements)

Question 41

what are the 4 basic ergogenic mechanisms?

Answer 41

1) CNS stimulation 2) increase substrate storage 3) supplemental energy source 4) facilitation of recovery

Question 42

what are athletes 2 beliefs about reasoning for supplementation?

Answer 42

1) ensures adequate micronutrient intake | 2) "supercharging" elevates performance and training

Question 43

what are the 3 scientific evidence for reasoning for supplementation?

Answer 43

1) ensures adequate micronutrient intake ONLY for those athletes who are deficient 2) not necessary for those who maintain well-balanced diet 3) "supercharging" maybe harmful to death

Question 44

"super"

Answer 44

loading of muscle glycogen stores

Question 45

increase in glycogen does what to endurance performance?

Answer 45

increases it