Flashcards in Chapter 14 - The Mental Side of Human Performance Deck (109)
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1
what is the chinese and greek civilizations history of sport psychology? (quotation)
"healthy mind in a healthy body"
2
when was the first sport psychology research done? what was researched?
1800s - the effects of audience on cyclist performance
3
what has been recognized and grown over the past 3 decades?
sport psychology discipline
4
what are the 2 reasons sport psychology has recently developed and grown?
1) expansion of scientific knowledge and emergence of different branches
2) increased media attention
5
personality
pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that distinguish one person from another and persist over time and situations
6
what 4 questions can the study of personality in sport psychology help us answer?
1) do athletes possess different personality characteristics than non-athletes?
2) do winners possess different personality profiles than losers?
3) does personality determine sport preference, or does a particular sport mould our personality accordingly?
4) can personality be changed, or does it remain relatively fixed throughout involvement in sport
7
compared to non-athletes, athletes are more...?
stable, extroverted, competitive, dominant, self-confident, achievement-oriented, psychologically well-adjusted, conservative with respect to political views, authoritarian, persistent, display higher levels of self-esteem
8
true or false: [about athletes vs non-athletes] although differences are known to exist, a clear pattern of differences has yet to emerge
true
9
personality traits
psychological characteristics of the athlete which remain relatively stable over time
10
personality states
"right now kind of feelings" which are situation-specific
11
state-trait controversy
disagreement of the relative merits of studying states versus traits
12
interactional theory
the best state-trait approach, which considers personality traits and states, as well as situation-specific factors
13
true or false: it is possible to distinguish between successful and unsuccessful athletes using personality traits
FALSE: it is NOT yet possible to distinguish between successful and unsuccessful athletes using personality traits
14
it is possible to distinguish between the elite athletes and the less skilled in terms of _______
mood states
15
mood states of elite athletes vs. lesser skilled athletes are lower in what 5 categories?
1) tension
2) depression
3) anger
4) fatigue
5) confusion
16
mood states of elite athletes vs. lesser skilled athletes are higher in what category?
vigor
17
iceberg profile
mood state profile that resembles an iceberg
18
are personality differences due to the athletic experience or do certain personality traits cause the individual to go out for sports (gravitational hypothesis)?
evidence tends to support the gravitational hypothesis, however, participation in sports can also enhance personality development
19
are athletes or non-athletes more extroverted, independent, self confident and less anxious?
athletes
20
true or false: elite athletes can be distinguished from lesser skilled athletes however winners and losers cannot be distinguished
true
21
how are elite athletes distinguished from lesser skilled athletes?
iceberg profile
22
true or false: sports can enhance personality traits, and personality traits can enhance sport
true
23
arousal
physiological state of readiness and psychological activation
24
what part of the nervous system does arousal involve?
autonomic nervous system
25
arousal is the bodys way of preparing us for what?
"fight or flight"
26
stress
non specific response of the body to any demand made upon it, unemotional bodily response to some type of stressor
27
true or false: stress can be only bad
FALSE: stress can be good or bad, depending upon the individuals personal interpretation
28
______ is positive stress (e.g., winning a lottery)
eustress
29
_____ is negative stress (e.g., receiving a failing grade on a midterm test)
distress
30
