Chapter 14 (9) - Digestive System Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
3 Major Functions
A
- ) Digestion - Breaking down foods into nutrients which can be absorbed
- ) Absorption - Passing nutrients into blood stream (small intestine)
- ) Elimination - Liquid to solid; deification
2
Q
Gastrointestinal Tract (GI)
A
- Mouth
- Salivary Glands
- Parotid - Pharynx
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas
- Small Intestine
- Colon
- Rectum
- Anus
3
Q
Small Intestine
A
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
4
Q
Large Intestine
A
- Cecum
- Ascending Colon
- Transverse Colon
- Descending Colon
- Sigmoid Colon
- Rectum
5
Q
Lumen
A
- Mucosa - Innermost layer; Secretes mucus/enzymes
- Submucosa - Connective Tissue; Strength and structure to wall
- Muscularis - Peristalsis (contraction)
- Serosa - Outer Covering
6
Q
Enzymes; Chemical Digestion
A
Convert complex food molecules into smaller, simple molecules for absorption
Fat -> Lipase -> Fatty Acids
Protein -> Protease -> Amino Acids
Starch -> Amylase -> Sugars
(complex) -> (enzymes) -> (simple molecules)
7
Q
Lips
A
Sense both temperature and texture
8
Q
Tongue
A
Frenulum and Papillae
9
Q
Deglutition
A
Swallowing
10
Q
Lingual Tonsils
A
Back part of tongue
11
Q
Palatine Tonsils
A
Normal tonsils
12
Q
Posterior Pharyngeal Wall
A
Back of throat
13
Q
Hard Palate
A
Top of mouth; Rugae
14
Q
Soft Palate
A
Flexible muscular sheet that separates the nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx
Soft posterior part of palate
15
Q
Uvula
A
Downward cone shaped projection at the back of the soft palate; Directs food down
16
Q
Gums
A
Sockets hold teeth
17
Q
Salivary Glands
A
- Parotid - located inferior to the cheekbone
- Submandibular - located below the mandible
- Sublingual - located in the base of the mouth below the tongue
18
Q
Digestion In The Mouth
A
- Salivary Glands
- Chemical Digestion
- Mechanical
19
Q
Pharynx
A
Throat
- Muscle tube moves food into esophagus (about 5”)
Esophagus - Muscle Tube
20
Q
Lower Sphincter
A
LES / Cardiac Sphincter
21
Q
Peristalsis
A
Contraction in wavelike motions
22
Q
Emesis
A
Vomiting
23
Q
Stomach
A
- Fundus - 1st upper curvature, top of stomach
- Cardia - Where esophagus enters the stomach
- Body
- Pylorus
- Greater / Lesser Curvature - Greater is more surface / Lesser is less surface
24
Q
Gastric Juices
A
- Pepsin - digest proteins
- HCL - Acid
- Mucus - to protect itself from acidic environment
25
Chyme
Chemical substance passed into Duodenum
- Out from stomach
26
Path of Small Intestine
- Duodenum - 10", Chyme mixes with bile (fast digestion) Mixes with Pancreatic Juice (Protein and Starch digestion)
- Jejunum - 8ft long; digestion
- Ileum - Ileocecal Valve, enters large intestine
27
Mesentery
Membrane made of peritoneum
- Contains blood supply to the small and large intestine
- Attaches bowel to Dorsal abdominal wall
28
Absorption
Passage of nutrients from bowel lumen into bloodstream
29
Chyme
1-6hrs to move from stomach to colon
30
Colon
Cecum - 3 Openings:
Ileum - from small intestine
Appendix - Opening into appendix
Ascending Colon - up further to colon
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
Anus
31
Liver
Right upper quadrant
- Right and Left Lobes (right is much larger)
- Portal Triad
- Portal Vein (Blood from Intestines)
- Hepatic Artery (Fresh blood to liver)
- Bile Duct (Bile into intestine)
- Metabolism
- Bile Production
32
Liver / Gallbladder Bile
Made in liver, stored and concentrated in Gallbladder
- Dissolves fats in small intestine (Emulsification)
- Secreted into Bile Duct
33
Pancreas
- Chyme mixes: Bile from liver and Pancreatic Juices
- Pancreatic Juices: Amylase, Lipase, Trypsin
- Pancreatic Duct meets CBD and empties into Duodenum
34
An(o)
Anus
35
Append (o)
Appendix
36
Bil (o)
Bili
Bile
37
Bucc (o)
Cheek
38
Cec (o)
Cecum
39
Celi (o)
Abdomen
40
Chol (e) / Cholo
Bile
41
Cholangi (o)
Bile Vessel
42
Cholecyst (o)
Gall Bladder
43
Choledoch (o)
Common bile duct
44
Col (o)
Colon
45
Duoden (o)
Duodenum
46
Enter (o)
Intestine
47
Esophago
Esophagus
48
Gastr (o)
Stomach
49
Gloss (o)
Tongue
50
Gluc (o)
Glucose
51
Glyc (o)
Sugar
52
Hepat (o)
Liver
53
Labi (o)
Lip
54
Lingu (o)
Tongue
55
Or (o)
Mouth
56
Proct (o)
Anus; Rectum
57
Sial (o)
Saliva; Salivary Gland
58
Sialadeno
Salivary Gland
59
Stomat (o)
Mouth
60
Buccostomatitis
Inflammation of cheek and mouth
61
Celiotomy
Opening (incision) into the abdomen (Laparotomy)
62
Cholangiorrhaphy
Surgical suturing of bile duct (bile vessel)
63
Choledochoplasty
Repair of "common bile duct"
64
Labial
Referring to lip
65
Proctodynia
Pain in or from the rectum
66
Sialoadenitis
Inflammation of salivary glands
67
Gastroma
Tumor of the stomach
68
Linguoid
Resembling a tongue
69
AST, ALT, SGOT, SGPT
Liver Enzymes
70
BM
Bowel Movement
71
EGD
Upper Endoscopy (Esophagus, Gastric, Duodenum)
72
IBD
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
73
IBS
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
74
NG
Nasal Gastric
75
NPO
Nothing by Mouth
76
TPN
Total Parenteral Nutrition
77
UGI (s)
Upper Gastrointestinal Series
78
GERD
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
79
Anorexia
Loss of appetite
80
Anorexia Nervosa
Severe eating disorder due to body image distortion (wish to be thin)
81
Bulimia
Binging and purging, estreme distortion of body image
Complication: Heart Failure, Hair Loss, Amenorrhea, Dental Caries, Death
82
Cheilitis
Inflammation of the lips (unusually at corner of mouth)
83
Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue
84
Sialoadenitis
Salivary gland inflammation
85
Parotiditis
Parotid gland inflammation
86
Aphagia
Unable to swallow
87
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
88
Esophageal Varices
Tortuous veins in the lower esophagus
- Secondary to elevated pressure in Portal Vein
- Common in liver failure
- Frequent cause of upper GI bleeding
89
Esophagitis
Inflammation of Esophagus
- Reflux of acid from stomach into lower stomach
- GERD = Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
90
Dyspepsia
Difficulty Digesting Food
91
Gastroenteritis
Stomach and Small Intestinal inflammation; Stomach flu
92
Hematemisis
Vomiting of blood from the stomach
93
Achalasia
Failure of food to pass from esophagus into stomach
94
Hyperbilirubinemia
Jaundice; Elevated levels of bilirubin in blood
Icterus - Yellowing of the whites of eyes
95
Hepatopathy
Liver disease
96
Hepatomegaly
Enlarged Liver
97
Cirrhosis
Chronic liver disease; Fibrosis of Liver
98
Cholelithiasis
Stones in the gallbladder
99
Choledocholithiasis
Stones in common bile duct
100
Cholangitis
Inflammation of bile ducts
101
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of gallbladder wall
102
Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO)
Mechanical bowel blockage
- usually requires surgical intervention
103
ileus
Lack of normal peristalsis
104
Enteritis
Inflammation of the small bowel
105
Colitis
Inflammation of the colon
106
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Serious condition
- Ulcerative colitis; Crohn's Disease
107
Irritable Bowel Disease
Self limited condition
- Campy abdominal pain; Diarrhea and Consitpation
108
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of diverticula of colon
- Causes left lower abdominal pain
109
Dysentery
Serious form of infectious diarrhea
- Bloody diarrhea; High fever with abdominal pain
- Salmonella or Shigella
110
Volvulus
Instestinal blockage from twisting of bowel loop
111
Intussusception
Instestinal blockage from telescoping
112
Ascites
Fluid accumulation inside abdominal cavity
113
Polyposis
Multiple Polyps in wall of colon
114
Hematochezia
Bright red bleeding from the rectum
115
Melana
Maroon or dark red blood in stool
116
Steatorrhea
Fat in stool
117
Paracentesis
Removal of fluid from abdominal cavity
118
Cholecystectomy
Removal of gallbladder
119
Gastrectomy
Removal of stomach
120
Anastomosis
Surgical reconnection of two parts of bowel parts
121
Cathartic
Laxative
122
Antispasmodic
Controls intestinal spasm
123
Antacid
Neutralizes excessive acid in stomach
124
Antidiarrheal
Controls loose stools
125
Antiemetic
Treats nausea
