Flashcards in Chapter 12 (8) - Blood System Deck (99)
1
Blood
Composed of water, cells, electrolytes, proteins, and nutrients.
Transport Medium - Glucose, hormones, oxygen and waste
5 Liters in body average
2
Structure and Function of Blood
- Complex mixture of cells, water, proteins and sugars.
- Transports nutrients, oxygen and hormones all over body
- Helps regulate body temperature
- Maintain stability of body's fluid volume
- Transports waste products away from body cells.
3
Plasma
Fluid portion (55% of total blood volume)
- Water, Proteins, Electrolytes, Nutrients, Vitamins and Hormones
4
Cells
Particulate portion (45% total blood volume)
- RBC, WBC, Platelets
5
Buffy Coat
WBC & Platelets; When centrifuged it is the portion of blood between the plasma above and RBC's below.
6
Coagulation
- Blood clotting
- Fibrinogen and Prothrombin are proteins necessary for clotting to occur
- Starts with platelets (temporary plug)
7
Plasmapheresis
Centrifuge blood which separates plasma from cells and only return cells to patient
8
Gamma Globulins
Globulin protein fraction
- Immune function (antibodies)
9
Electrophoresis
Process of separating Globulins into fractions (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta)
- Current applied to globulin proteins from plasma division into subtypes
10
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
Live for 120 days; No nucleus to carry more O2
- Produced in Bone Marrow in response to Erythropoietin (Hormone)
- Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that is essential to the transport of oxygen
11
Hematocrit
Measure of concentration of RBC in blood; should be around 40%ish
12
Leukocytes
White blood cells, destroy foreign substances
- 2 Main Groups: Granulocytes & Agranulocytes
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Granulocytes
- Neutrophils (50%-60%)
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
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Agranulocytes
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
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Neutrophils
50% - 60%, phagocytes of bacteria and viruses
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Eosinophils
2% - 3%, Kill parasites, allergic reactions
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Basophils
1%, Secrete heparin and histamine (Allergy)
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Monocytes
3%
19
Lymphocytes
25%
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Platelets
aka Thrombocytes, live about 10 days
- Assist in blood clotting, control bleeding temporarily
- Derived from Megakaryocytes
21
Blood Typing
Transfusions of blood rarely worked until the "typing" of blood was developed.
Tested for type to prevent agglutination of clumping of blood cells (transfusion reaction)
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4 Types of Blood
Based on which Antigen (Ag) is present in RBC
- Type O: No Antigens Present (Both Antibodies)
- Type A: "A" Antigen present ("B" antibodies)
- Type B: "B" Antigen present ("A" antibodies)
- Type AB: "A & B" Antigen present (No Antibodies
Type O is universal donor.
Type AB is universal recipient
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Rh
Type of antigen first discovered in Rhesus monkeys
- "+" = presence of Rh antigen
- "-" = no Rh antigen
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WRT Pregnancy
Rh negative mother with Rh positive baby (because of the father) may develop antibodies to attack blood of 2nd pregnancy Rh positive Baby.
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Agglutin (o)
Agglutinin
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Eosin (o)
Eosinophil
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Erythr (o)
Red
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Hemat (o)
Blood
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Leuk (o)
White
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Phag (o)
Eating, Devouring
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Thromb (o)
Blood Clot
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APTT
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time
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baso
basophil
34
BCP
Biochemistry Panel
35
BMT
Bone Marrow Transplant
36
CBC
Complete Blood Count
37
dif
Differential Blood Count
38
eos
Eosinophils
39
ESR
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
40
G-CSF
Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor
41
HCT
Hematocrit
42
HGB
Hemoglobin
43
MCH
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
44
MCHC
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
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MCV
Mean Corpuscular Volume
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mono
Monocyte
47
PCV
Packed Cell Volume
48
PLT
Platelet Count
49
PMN
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil
50
PT
Prothrombin Time
51
PTT
Partial Thromboplastin Time
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RBC
Red Blood Cell
53
SR
Sedimentation Rate
54
seg
Segmented Mature White Blood Cell
55
WBC
White Blood Cell
56
Venapuncture / Phlebotomy
Withdrawal of blood for examination
57
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Common Screen for Hematocrit
58
Blood Indices
Measurement of size, volume, and content of RBC
59
Hematocrit
Measures packed red blood cells in a sample
60
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate / Sedimentation Rate
Test for rate at which red blood cells fall through plasma
61
Antiglobulin Test
Test for antibodies on red blood cells
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Blood Chemistry
Test plasma for various substances such as glucose and electrolytes
63
WBC Differential
Looks at number and type of leukocytes
64
Hemoglobin
Measures level of Hemoglobin in blood
65
Prothrombin Time (PT)
Test for coagulation defects
66
Dyscrasia
General term for any disease of the blood with abnormal material present
67
Anemia
General term for condition where RBC do not transport enough oxygen to the tissues
- Causes may be related to low number of cells or due to a low amount of hemoglobin
68
Common Types of Anemia
- Iron Deficiency
- Aplastic
- Pernicious
- Sickle Cell
- Hemolytic
- Posthemorrhagic
69
Hemophilia
Hereditary disorder in which there is a lack of clotting factor VIII
- Treated with medications & Blood Transfusions
70
Thrombocytopenia
Bleeding disorder with a lack of platelets
- Occurs in the condition called purpura, which is the presence of multiple tiny hemorrhages under skin
71
Pancytopenia
Low number of all blood cells
72
Hemochromatosis
Hereditary disorder that causes excessive iron to build up in the blood
73
Erythropenia
Low number of RBC
74
Poikilocytosis
Irregularly shaped red blood cells
75
Reticulocytosis
Abnormal number of immature RBC
76
Hemolysis
Breakdown in RBC membrane
77
Macrocytosis
Abnormally large RBC
78
Polycythemia
Abnormal increase in RBCs and Hemoglobin
79
Leukemia
Neoplastic disorder in which there is an excessive increase in WBC
80
Granulocytosis
Abnormal increase of granulocytes in the bloodstream, commonly seen during times of infection
81
Multiple Myeloma
Malignant tumor of bone marrow
82
Bone Marrow Biopsy
Needle inserted into the bone marrow cavity and bone marrow is removed for analysis
83
Albumin
Protein in Blood
84
Coagulation
Changing of a liquid (blood) into semi-solid
85
Erythropoietin
Hormone released by kidneys which stimulate RBC production
86
Serum
Liquid left after blood has clotted or after clotting factors are removed
87
SMA
Synonymous with Blood Chemistry
88
Anemia
Low RBC count or low Hematocrit
89
Anisocytosis
Condition of abnormal variation in the size of RBC
90
Hemolysis
Disorder of breakdown of RBC
- Lysis or rupture of erythrocytes
91
Macrocytosis
Abnormally large cell; specifically RBC
92
Microcytosis
Small RBC
93
Polycythemia
Abnormal increase in RBC/hematocrit level
94
Anticoagulant
Agent that prevents formation of blood clots
95
Coagulant
Clotting agent
96
Hemostatic
Agent that stops bleeding
97
Thrombolytic
Agent that dissolves clots
98
Remission
Disappearance of disease
99