Chapter 12 (8) - Blood System Flashcards
(99 cards)
Blood
Composed of water, cells, electrolytes, proteins, and nutrients.
Transport Medium - Glucose, hormones, oxygen and waste
5 Liters in body average
Structure and Function of Blood
- Complex mixture of cells, water, proteins and sugars.
- Transports nutrients, oxygen and hormones all over body
- Helps regulate body temperature
- Maintain stability of body’s fluid volume
- Transports waste products away from body cells.
Plasma
Fluid portion (55% of total blood volume)
- Water, Proteins, Electrolytes, Nutrients, Vitamins and Hormones
Cells
Particulate portion (45% total blood volume)
- RBC, WBC, Platelets
Buffy Coat
WBC & Platelets; When centrifuged it is the portion of blood between the plasma above and RBC’s below.
Coagulation
- Blood clotting
- Fibrinogen and Prothrombin are proteins necessary for clotting to occur
- Starts with platelets (temporary plug)
Plasmapheresis
Centrifuge blood which separates plasma from cells and only return cells to patient
Gamma Globulins
Globulin protein fraction
- Immune function (antibodies)
Electrophoresis
Process of separating Globulins into fractions (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta)
- Current applied to globulin proteins from plasma division into subtypes
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
Live for 120 days; No nucleus to carry more O2
- Produced in Bone Marrow in response to Erythropoietin (Hormone)
- Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that is essential to the transport of oxygen
Hematocrit
Measure of concentration of RBC in blood; should be around 40%ish
Leukocytes
White blood cells, destroy foreign substances
- 2 Main Groups: Granulocytes & Agranulocytes
Granulocytes
- Neutrophils (50%-60%)
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
Agranulocytes
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
50% - 60%, phagocytes of bacteria and viruses
Eosinophils
2% - 3%, Kill parasites, allergic reactions
Basophils
1%, Secrete heparin and histamine (Allergy)
Monocytes
3%
Lymphocytes
25%
Platelets
aka Thrombocytes, live about 10 days
- Assist in blood clotting, control bleeding temporarily
- Derived from Megakaryocytes
Blood Typing
Transfusions of blood rarely worked until the “typing” of blood was developed.
Tested for type to prevent agglutination of clumping of blood cells (transfusion reaction)
4 Types of Blood
Based on which Antigen (Ag) is present in RBC
- Type O: No Antigens Present (Both Antibodies)
- Type A: “A” Antigen present (“B” antibodies)
- Type B: “B” Antigen present (“A” antibodies)
- Type AB: “A & B” Antigen present (No Antibodies
Type O is universal donor.
Type AB is universal recipient
Rh
Type of antigen first discovered in Rhesus monkeys
- ”+” = presence of Rh antigen
- ”-“ = no Rh antigen
WRT Pregnancy
Rh negative mother with Rh positive baby (because of the father) may develop antibodies to attack blood of 2nd pregnancy Rh positive Baby.