Chapter 6 (5) - Cardiovascular Notes Flashcards
0
Q
Angioplasty
A
Opening a blocked vessel by balloon dilation
1
Q
Anastomosis
A
Connection of two blood vessels to allow blood flow between
2
Q
Endarterectomy
A
Surgical removal of diseased portion of lining of artery
3
Q
Phlebotomy
A
Drawing blood from a vein
4
Q
Valvotomy
A
Incision into a cardiac valve to correct an obstruction
5
Q
Atrial Fibrillation
A
Arrhythmia that involve the atria
6
Q
Aneurysm
A
Dilation of the wall of an artery
7
Q
Asystole
A
Cardiac arrest
8
Q
Clandication
A
Weakness and pain in legs during walking/activity due to decreased blood supply (relieved with rest)
9
Q
Constriction
A
Narrowing of a vessel lumen
10
Q
Embolus
A
Clot that moves from origin to clot elsewhere
Mass of foreign material (clot) blocking a blood vessel
11
Q
Fibrillation
A
Random, chaotic heart rhythm
12
Q
Flutter
A
Rapid regular heart rhythm
13
Q
Ischemia
A
localized blood insufficiency caused by an obstruction
14
Q
Infarct
A
Area of necrosis caused by lack of oxygen delivery due to obstruction of blood flow
15
Q
Necrosis
A
Death of tissue/organ/part of organ due to irreversible damage (often due to Ischemia)
16
Q
Tachycardia
A
Heart rate greater than 100bpm
17
Q
Thrombosis
A
Clot in vessel
18
Q
Endocarditits
A
Inflammation within the heart
19
Q
Myocarditis
A
Inflammation of the heart muscle
20
Q
Pericarditis
A
Inflammation of the heart sac
21
Q
Cardiomyopathy
A
Disease of the heart muscle
22
Q
Coronary Vasodilators
A
Dilate veins, arteries, coronary arteries;
Nitroglycerin
23
Q
Beta Blockers
A
Slow heart rate, lower blood pressure, reduce contraction strength;
Propranolol/Inderal
24
Calcium Channel Blockers
Slow heart rate, lower Blood Pressure;
Verapamil
25
Thrombolytic
Dissolve blood clots
26
ACE Inhibitors
Ease heart pumping, dilate arteries
27
Diuretics
Promote water excretion
28
Inotropic
Increase cardiac contractility
29
Coronary Bypass Surgery (CABG)
Take a vein from other source in body and bypass arterial blockage
- Saphenous vein and mammary arteries commonly used as grafts
30
Thrombectomy
Surgical removal of a thrombus
31
Embolectomy
Surgical removal of an embolus
32
Endarterectomy
Surgical removal of the diseased portion of the lining of an artery
33
Valvuloplasty
Surgical reconstruction of a cardiac valve
34
Medications for Congestive Heart Failure
- ACE Inhibitor
- Diuretics
- Cardiotonics
- Vasoconstrictors
35
Medications for Hypertension (High BP)
- Vasodilators
- Diuretics
- ACE Inhibitors
36
Medications for Angina (Chest Pain)
- Nitrates
- Beta Blockers
- Calcium Channel Blockers
37
Medications for Rhythm Disorders
- Beta Blockers
| - Calcium Channel Blockers
38
Hypertension
High Blood Pressure
39
Hypotension
Low Blood Pressure
40
Essential (Primary) Hypertension
Occurs without any specific reason
41
Secondary Hypertension
Comes from secondary cause, such as high salt intake or a tumor
42
Risk Factors to Developing CVD (Cardiovascular Disease)
- Poor Diet
- Smoking
- Lack of exercise
43
Arrhythmias
Abnormal rhythms of the heart
44
Atheroma
Plaque formation
45
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein
46
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Caused by plaque buildup in the arteries which feed the heart muscle
47
Cardiac Arrest
Sudden stopping of the heart
"Asystole"
48
Congestive Heart Failure
Occurs when "pump" fails and blood backs up
49
Tropipin
Protein found in heart and tests of these can diagnose a myocardial infarction faster than most other lab tests
50
LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein)
Cholesterol that causes plaque buildup
51
HDL (High Density Lipoproteins)
Actually remove lipids from forming plaques, diminishes plaque buildup
52
Triglycerides
Lipid in blood that can plaque if too high
53
Angi(o)
Blood vessel
54
Aort(o)
Aorta
55
Arteri(o)
Artery
56
Ather(o)
Fatty matter
57
Atri(o)
Atrium
58
Cardi(o)
Heart
59
Hemangi(o)
Blood vessel
60
Pericardi(o)
Pericardium
61
Phleb(o)
Vein
62
Sphygm(o)
Pulse
63
Thromb(o)
Blood clot
64
Vas(o)
Blood vessel
65
Ven(o)
Vein
66
Aorta
Largest Artery in the body; exits the heart
67
Aortic Valve
Between the Left Ventricle and Aorta
68
Arteriole
Tiny artery connecting to capillaries
69
Artery
Thick-walled vessel in systemic circulation, carries oxygen
70
AV-node
Specialized part of the septum which conducts electrical signals
71
Carbon Dioxide
Waste material transported in venous vessels
72
Depolarization
Contracting state of myocardial tissue in hearts conducting system
73
Endothelium
Inner lining of arteries
74
Lumen
Channel inside an artery through which blood flows
75
Myocardium
Muscular layer of heart
76
Pacemaker
SA node; regulates heart rhythm
77
Polarization
Resting state of myocardial tissue
78
Repolarization
Recharging state
79
Saphenous Vein
Vein in leg which drains blood from leg toward Vena Cava
80
Venule
Small vein connecting to capillary and vein
81
AF
Atrial Fibrillation
82
AMI
Acute Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)
83
AS
Aortic Stenosis
84
AS CVD
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
85
AV
Atrioventricular
86
BP
Blood Pressure
87
CAD
Coronary Artery Disease
88
CCU
Coronary Care Unit
89
CHF
Congestive Heart Failure
90
CO
Cardiac Output
91
CFK
Creatine Phosphokinase
92
CPR
Cardiopulmonary Recitation
93
CVA
Cerebrovascular Accident
94
DIC
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
95
DVT
Deep Venous Thrombosis
96
EKG
ECG
Electrocardiogram
97
Blood Pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure
Systolic/Diastolic (Contraction/Relaxation)
98
Pulse Pressure
Difference between systolic and diastolic
120/80 is a pulse pressure of 40
99
Coronary Blood Supply
Blood circulation to the heart muscle made up of:
Right Coronary Artery
Left Coronary Artery, which branches to:
- Circumflex: wraps around
- Left Anterior Descending (LAD)
100
Pulmonary Circuit
1. ) From RV, deoxygenated blood carried by Pulmonary Artery to lungs
2. ) Blood picks up oxygen, drops of carbon dioxide
3. ) Oxygen rich blood carried by 4 Pulmonary Veins to LA
101
Pulse
Created by muscular contraction of LV
102
Systemic Circulation
1. ) Aorta leaves LV, takes oxygenated blood to cells of body
2. ) Arteries, carry away from heart to arterioles
3. ) Arterioles to Capillaries
4. ) Capillary exchange O2/CO2, transfer to Venules
5. ) Venules to Veins then back to heart
103
Carotid Artery
Supplies blood to the head, neck, and brain
104
Femoral Artery
Supplies blood to the thigh and legs
105
Renal Artery
Supplies blood to the kidneys
106
Pericardium
Tissue that surrounds the heart muscle
107
Septum
Divides the heart into right and left chambers
108
Pulmonary Artery
Only artery that carries deoxygenated blood to the lung
109
Pulmonary Vein
Highest O2 concentration from lung to heart
110
Capillary
Smallest blood vessel and serve as a transfer station between arteries and veins
111
Conduction System (Electrical flow of heart)
1. ) SA-Node
2. ) Atrial Chambers
3. ) AV Node
4. ) Bundle of HIS
5. ) Right/Left Purkinje Fibers
6. ) Ventricle Chambers
112
Layers of Heart
Epicardium (Pericardium) - outermost layer
Myocardium - middle layer of muscle tissue (thickest)
Endocardium - inner layer (contiguous with valves)
113
Order of Circulation
1. ) Superior and Inferior Vena Cava (SVC - IVC)
2. ) Right Atrium
3. ) Tricuspid Valve
4. ) Right Ventricle
5. ) Semilunar Pulmonic Valve to Pulmonary Artery
6. ) Lungs then back by Pulmonary Vein
7. ) Left Atrium
8. ) Mitral (Ventricle Bicuspid) Valve
9. ) Left Ventricle
10. ) Aortic Valve to the Aorta
114
Contraction Phases
Polarization - Resting phase
Repolarization - Recharging phase
Depolarization - Contracting phase
115
ECHO
Echocardiogram
116
ETT
Exercise Tolerance Test
117
LDH
Lactate Dehydrogenase
118
MR
Mitral Regurgitation
119
MUGA
"heart scan"
120
PAC
Premature Atrial Contraction
121
PVC
Premature Ventricle Contraction
122
VT
Ventricular Tachycardia
123
TPA
Tissue Plasminogen Activator
124
Foramen Ovale
Opening in the septum between the Atria; allows blood flow from the Right to Left Atrium
125
Ductus Arteriosus
Connection between pulmonary Artery and Aorta; Allows fetal oxygenated blood to bypass the "non-functioning" lungs
126
Ductus Venosus
Connection between umbilical vein and fetus' inferior vena cava; Allows fetal circulation to bypass fetal liver to go straight to the fetal heart
127
Umbilical Cord
2 Arteries, 1 Vein
128
Auscultation
Allowing you to listen to abnormal heart sounds; murmur, buit, gallop
129
Sphymomanometer
Blood Pressure diagnostic
130
EKG
Measures electrical flow through heart
131
Stress Test
Adds exercise (stress) to EKG tracing, BP monitoring, pulse
- Detects poor blood flow to the heart/abnormal heart function
132
Holter Monitor
Portable, extended (24hr) continuous EKG
133
Angiography
x-ray of arteries f the heart (angiogram)
134
Arteriography
x-ray of specific artery (arteriogram)
135
Aortography
x-ray of the Aorta
136
Venography
x-ray of specific vein
137
Ventriculogram
x-ray of one or both ventricle
138
Doppler Ultrasound
Measures blood flow in certain blood vessels
139
PTCA
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
- Balloon catheter is inserted into a blocked blood vessel to increase the blood flow of that vessel
