Chapter 9 (10) - Urinary System

Question 1

Urinary System

Answer 1

2 Kidneys, each with a ureter that leads to the bladder. From the bladder a urethra and meatus at the end of the urethra to let the urine out.

Question 2

Excretory System

Answer 2

Balances water and electrolytes

• Removes waste from blood; excretes in urine

Question 3

Kidneys

Answer 3

Retroperitoneal - Behind abdominal cavity, beside vertebrate

2 Functions:

• Form urine for excretion
• Retain essential substances in blood
  - Water, Electrolytes, pH, Reabsorption

Question 4

Kidney Anatomy

Answer 4

Renal Cortex - Outer portion, just inside renal capsule

Renal Medulla - Middle portion of the Kidney

Renal Pyramid - Made up of nephrons

Renal Hilum - Where Renal Artery, Vein, and Urethra enter/exit

Filters:

    - Water, Salts (sodium, potassium), Sugar (glucose)
    - Nitrogenous Toxins: Urea, Creatine, Uric Acid

Question 5

Renal Artery/Vein

Answer 5

Incoming Blood / outgoing blood, cleanest blood

Question 6

Functional Unit of the Kidney

Answer 6

Nephron, about 1 million/kidney

Question 7

Nephron Anatomy

Answer 7

• Renal Corpuscle
  - Glomerulus:
  - Capillaries - filtration of blood (by pressure)
  - Bowman’s Capsule:
  - Filtered Urine Captured
  - 1st part of renal tubule
  - Renal Tubule: Carries filtered fluid
  - Proximal
  - Loop of Henle
  - Distal
  - Collecting Duct
  - Collecting Ducts Become:
  - Renal Pelvis
  - Ureter
  - Bladder
  - Urethra

Question 8

Reabsorption w/in Kidneys occurs in:

Answer 8

Through a network of capillaries:

• Proximal Tube
• Loop of Henle
• Distal Tubule

Reabsorb - Water and substances needed for body
- Sodium, Glucose, Nutrients

Question 9

Bladder

Answer 9

Hallow muscular organ that stores urine until excreted

Question 10

Bladder Anatomy

Answer 10

• Trigone - Area where urethra is exiting and ureters are coming in
• Detrusor Muscle - Muscle in wall of bladder
• Sphincter Muscle - Around urethra, able to control and relax to urinate or contract to hold urine
• Micturition - Voiding (emptying bladder)

Question 11

Cali (o) / Calic (o)

Answer 11

Calix

Question 12

Cyst (o)

Answer 12

Bladder

Question 13

Glomerul (o)

Answer 13

Glomerulus

Question 14

Meat (o)

Answer 14

Meatus

Question 15

Nephr (o)

Answer 15

Kidney

Question 16

Pyel (o)

Answer 16

Renal Pelvis

Question 17

Ren (o)

Answer 17

Kidney

Question 18

Ur (o)

Answer 18

Urine

Question 19

Ureter (o)

Answer 19

Ureter

Question 20

Uria

Answer 20

of urine

Question 21

Vesic (o)

Answer 21

Bladder, when describing something in relation to the bladder

Question 22

ADH

Answer 22

Antidiuretic Hormone

Question 23

ARF

Answer 23

Acute Renal Failure

Question 24

BUN

Answer 24

Blood Urea Nitrogen

Question 25

CRF

Answer 25

Chronic Renal Failure

Question 26

ESRD

Answer 26

End-stage Renal Failure

Question 27

ESWL

Answer 27

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Question 28

IVP

Answer 28

Intravenous Pyelogram

Question 29

K+

Answer 29

Potassium

Question 30

KUB

Answer 30

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder

Question 31

Na+

Answer 31

Sodium

Question 32

pH

Answer 32

Power of Hydrogen concentration

Question 33

SG

Answer 33

Specific Gravity

Question 34

UA

Answer 34

Urinalysis

Question 35

UTI

Answer 35

Urinary Tract Infection

Question 36

Urinalysis

Answer 36

Urine Examination | - Physical, Chemical and Microscopic Properties

Question 37

Foley Catheter

Answer 37

Anchored catheter for period of time

Question 38

Findings from Urinalysis

Answer 38

- Acetone; Keytones: Diabetes, starvation, dehydration - Protein: Damage to glomerulus with leakage of protein (proteinuria) Pus (leukocytes): Bladder or kidney infection Blood (RBC): Kidney stones, severe infection, tumor Bilirubin: Indicates liver disease or gallbladder obstruction

Question 39

Blood Uria Nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 39

Goes up when kidney function decreases or fails

Question 40

Creatinine

Answer 40

Elevated when kidneys not filtering toxins

Question 41

Electrolyte levels

Answer 41

Sodium, potassium and other electrolytes are abnormal when kidneys fail

Question 42

KUB

Answer 42

Straight x-ray without dyes

Question 43

IUP

Answer 43

X-ray with dye

Question 44

Cystoscope

Answer 44

Put a scope in bladder through urethra

Question 45

Retrograde Pyelogram (RP)

Answer 45

Injecting dye backward, bladder up

Question 46

Voiding Cystourethrogram

Answer 46

X-ray taken during urination to examine the flow of urine through the system

Question 47

Renogram

Answer 47

Kidney Scan

Question 48

Hemodialysis

Answer 48

Mechanical filtration of blood for patients in kidney failure

Question 49

Peritoneal Dialysis

Answer 49

Catheter in abdomen, filter blood through bag than machine

Question 50

ESWL

Answer 50

Lithotripsy, breakdown of kidney stones

Question 51

Urinary Tract Infection

Answer 51

Infection of bladder, urethra, or kidney (pyelonephritis) - Dysuria, Urgency, Frequency - Hematuria

Question 52

Nephrolithiasis

Answer 52

Stones (calculi) of calcium which precipitate in urine and block ureter - Hematuria and pain

Question 53

Nephritis

Answer 53

Inflammation of the kidney

Question 54

Pyelitis

Answer 54

Inflammation of the Renal Pelvis

Question 55

Nephrosis

Answer 55

Protein leakage into urine resulting in edema

Question 56

Hydronephrosis

Answer 56

Dilation of renal pelvis and calyces, due to obstruction of water

Question 57

PCKD

Answer 57

Genetic disease causing multiple cysts in both kidneys; leading to high BP and kidney failure

Question 58

Uremia

Answer 58

Excess of urea and other toxins in blood due to kidney failure

Question 59

Renal Cell Cancer

Answer 59

Malignant tumor of kidney

Question 60

Bladder Cancer

Answer 60

Malignant tumor in bladder

Question 61

Cystocele

Answer 61

Herniation of bladder

Question 62

Cystolith

Answer 62

Stone in the bladder

Question 63

Albuminaria

Answer 63

Presence of albumin (protein) in urine

Question 64

Anuria

Answer 64

Lack of urine formation

Question 65

Dysuria

Answer 65

Painful urination

Question 66

Enuresis

Answer 66

Urinary incontinence, typically at night

Question 67

Hematuria

Answer 67

Blood in urine

Question 68

Hydronephrosis

Answer 68

Dilated kidney due to obstruction

Question 69

Ketonuria

Answer 69

Presence of ketones in urine

Question 70

Nephroblastoma

Answer 70

Malignant tumor of kidney in children

Question 71

Nocturia

Answer 71

Frequent urination at night

Question 72

Oliguria

Answer 72

Decreased urine production

Question 73

Uremia (Azotemia)

Answer 73

Toxins in blood (nitrogen based) due to kidney failure