Chpt 16 (13) - Sensory Systems

Question 1

Sensory Receptors

Answer 1

• Specialized receptor cells
• Receive stimuli specific to the type of information specific to that organ
• Send information through afferent nerves
• To CNS (Central Nervous System)

Question 2

Eye

Answer 2

3 Layers:

 - Sclera = outermost, white in color
 - Choroid = Middle, pigmented
 - Retina = Innermost, controls the photoreceptor cells (Rods, Cones) 

Cornea - outer “clear” membrane; refraction
Pupil - Light passes through Iris (colored portion)
Lens - Clear, transparent structure for magnification
- Ciliary body changes shape; accommodation
Uvea - Iris + Ciliary Body + Choroid

Question 3

Sensory System

Answer 3

Any organ or anatomical structure involved with receiving and perceiving sensory stimuli

• Sight, Touch, Hearing, Smell
• Afferent nervous Stimuli
• Specialized Nerve Endings (dendrites or receptor cells) i.e. Rods, Cones, Taste receptors
• Electrochemical signaling from periphery to brain

Question 4

Eye

Answer 4

Retina - Interior Layer
Photoreceptors - Rods and Cones
- Rods (Black & White)
- Cones (Color): Converge to become Optic Nerve

Optic Disc - Where optic nerve exits eye

Macula - Area of sharpest focused vision
- Center = Fovea

Question 5

Eye Anatomy

Answer 5

Anterior = between the cornea and iris

Posterior = between the iris and lens
- Aqueous Humor

Vitreous = Posterior to lens
- Vitreous Humor

Question 6

Ear: Structure & Function

Answer 6

• Hearing & Equilibrium
• External; Middle; Inner
• Auricle (pinna)
  
  • Outer (funnel)
  • Meatus
• Middle:
  
  • Tympanic membrane
  • Malleus, Incus, Sta
  • Eustachian Tube
• Inner Ear:
  
  • Cochlea =>Oran of Corti
    
    • Hair Cells; Neuronal Aspect of Hearing

Question 7

Two Aspects of Hearing

Answer 7

Conductive = External & Middle Ear

Neuro-sensory = Inner-Ear / Auditory nerve

Question 8

Audi (o) / Audit (o)

Answer 8

Hearing

Question 9

Aur (o) / Auricul (o)

Answer 9

Hearing

Question 10

Blephar (o)

Answer 10

Eyelid

Question 11

Cerumin (o)

Answer 11

Wax

Question 12

Cochle (o)

Answer 12

Cochlea

Question 13

Cor (o) / Core (o)

Answer 13

Pupil

Question 14

Cycl (o)

Answer 14

Ciliary Body

Question 15

Dacry (o)

Answer 15

Tears

Question 16

Ir (o) / Irid (o)

Answer 16

Iris

Question 17

Kerat (o)

Answer 17

Cornea

Question 18

Lacrim (o)

Answer 18

Tears

Question 19

Mastoid (o)

Answer 19

Mastoid Process

Question 20

Myring (o)

Answer 20

Ear Drum or Middle Ear

Question 21

Nas (o)

Answer 21

Nose

Question 22

Ocul (o)

Answer 22

Eye

Question 23

Phac (o)

Answer 23

Lens

Question 24

Phak (o)

Answer 24

Lens

Question 25

Retin (o)

Answer 25

Retina

Question 26

Scler (o)

Answer 26

White of eye

Question 27

Scot (o)

Answer 27

Darkness

Question 28

Tympan (o)

Answer 28

Eardrum or Middle Ear

Question 29

Uve (o)

Answer 29

Uvea

Question 30

Opt (o) / Optic (o)

Answer 30

Eye

Question 31

Opthalm (o)

Answer 31

Eye

Question 32

Ossicul (o)

Answer 32

Meaning ossicle or bones of middle ear

Question 33

AD

Answer 33

Right Ear

Question 34

AS

Answer 34

Left Ear

Question 35

AU

Answer 35

Both Ears

Question 36

OD

Answer 36

Right Eye

Question 37

OS

Answer 37

Left Eye

Question 38

OU

Answer 38

Both Eyes

Question 39

IOL

Answer 39

Intra-Ocular Lens

Question 40

IOP

Answer 40

Intra-Ocular Pressure

Question 41

dB

Answer 41

Decibel

Question 42

PERRLA

Answer 42

Normal Eye Exam

Question 43

VA

Answer 43

Visual Acuity

Question 44

Tonometry

Answer 44

Measure of pressure inside eye

Question 45

Diopter

Answer 45

Unit of refraction power to correct vision

Question 46

Otoscopy

Answer 46

Examination of ear through scope

Question 47

Audiometry

Answer 47

Measurement of hearing frequencies of deficit

Question 48

Refractive Disorders

Answer 48

Astigmatism = Distortion of sight as light rays do not come to a single focus on retina Hyperopia = "Farsightedness" - focusing of light rays behind the retina Myopia = "Nearsightedness" - focus of light in front of retina

Question 49

Strabismus

Answer 49

Eye misalignment (cross-eyed)

Question 50

Diplopia

Answer 50

Double Vision

Question 51

Cataracts

Answer 51

Cloudiness or haziness of lens

Question 52

Glaucoma

Answer 52

Increased pressure inside the eye due to aqueous humor excess

Question 53

Macular Degeneration

Answer 53

Loss of macula leading to loss of central vision

Question 54

Nyctalopia

Answer 54

Night blindness

Question 55

Chalazion

Answer 55

Nodular inflammation of eyelid

Question 56

Keratitis

Answer 56

Inflammation of cornea

Question 57

Anacusis

Answer 57

Total loss of hearing

Question 58

Paracusis

Answer 58

Impaired hearing

Question 59

Presbyacusis

Answer 59

Age related hearing loss

Question 60

Otosclerosis

Answer 60

Scarring or hardening of bones in middle ear - conductive hearing loss

Question 61

Tinnitus

Answer 61

Ringing in the ear

Question 62

Otalgia

Answer 62

Ear pain

Question 63

Cholesteatoma

Answer 63

Fatty cyst in middle ear

Question 64

Menicre's

Answer 64

Vertigo and dizziness

Question 65

Mydriatic

Answer 65

Dilates the pupil

Question 66

Miotic

Answer 66

Contracts the pupil