Chapter 7 (6) - Respiratory Video Notes Flashcards
(144 cards)
0
Q
Adenoids
A
Lymphoid tissue in nasopharynx
1
Q
Adam’s Apple
A
Thyroid cartilage
2
Q
Alveolus
A
Smallest air sacks, where diffusion of O2/CO2 occur
3
Q
Apex
A
Upper aspect of lung
4
Q
Base
A
Bottom of lung
5
Q
External Respiration
A
Exchange of air between atmosphere and body
6
Q
Glottis
A
Opening between vocal cords into trachea
7
Q
Hypopharynx
A
Laryngopharynx
8
Q
Intercostal Muscle
A
Muscles between ribs
9
Q
Larynx
A
“Voice Box;” Between pharynx and trachea
10
Q
Mediastinum
A
Medium portion of thoracic cavity
Includes: Heart, Esophagus, Trachea, Lymph nodes, Thymus Gland
11
Q
Nasopharynx
A
Part of throat above soft palate
12
Q
Pleura
A
Double layer membrane surrounding lungs
- Visceral covers lung
- Parietal attaches to thoracic cavity
13
Q
Septum
A
Cartilaginous division
14
Q
Soft Palate
A
Muscular sheet separates nasopharynx from rest of pharynx
15
Q
Trachea
A
“windpipe;” From larynx to Carina (division of trachea to lungs)
16
Q
Laryngeal Carcinoma
A
Cancerous tumor of larynx (voice box)
17
Q
Mediastinotomy
A
Incision into the Mediastinum
18
Q
Capnography
A
Recording of CO2 levels
19
Q
Phrenitis
A
Inflammation of diaphragm
20
Q
Rhinorrhea
A
Flowing from the nose, runny nose
21
Q
Thoracoplasty
A
Surgical repair of the chest
22
Q
Tracheomalacia
A
Thinning of trachea
23
Q
Dyspnea
A
Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath
24
Eupnea
Normal breathing pattern
25
Bradypnea
Slow breathing; less than 12/min
26
Tachypnea
Fast breathing; greater than 20/min
27
Hypopnea
Shallow breathing
28
Hypernea
Abnormal deep breathing
29
Apnea
Absence of breathing
30
Orthopnea
Difficulty breathing while lying down
31
Cheyne-Strokes
Irregular, deep and labored breathing followed by apnea
32
Crackle/Rales
Rice-krispy crackling which occurs with pneumonia (fluid in the lungs)
33
Wheezes
Heard during asthma attack; COPD
- Narrowed airways cause whistling-like sound due to obstructed airways
34
Rhonchi
Musical tones, with bronchitis and asthma
35
Stridor
Inspiration tone from obstructed upper airway
36
Dysphonia
Hoarseness from laryngitis
37
Hyperventilation
Excessive breathing in and out; caused by anxiety or overexertion
38
Hypoventilation
Low movement of air in and out
Leads to buildup of CO2 in blood
39
Hypercapnia
Excessive CO2 in blood
40
Hypoxemia
Deficient O2 in blood
41
Hypoxia
Deficient amount of O2 in the tissues
42
Lower Respiratory System
Trachea down
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
43
Epiglottitis
Inflammation of the epiglottis; in children (2-5yrs) from infection
44
Laryngotracheobronchitis
Inflammation of the throat, lower respiratory tract
45
Pansinusitis
Inflammation of all the sinus'
- Frontal
- Maxillary
- Ethmoid
46
Pleuritis
Pleurisy, inflammation of the lining of the lungs
47
Pneumonitis
Inflammation of the lungs
48
Hemoptysis
Lung and Bronchial hemorrhage with coughing up blood
49
Atelectasis
Collapse of small arteries
50
Tuberculosis
Lung infection from bacteria tuberculi
51
Lung Abscess
Collection of pus in lung
52
Pulmonary Edema
Fluid in air sacs which interrupt exchange of gasses
53
Pneumothorax
Collapsed lung, air accumulates around lung
54
Endotracheal Intubation
The insertion of a tube through the nose or mouth, pharynx, larynx, and into the trachea to establish an airway
55
Hemothorax
Blood in pleural cavity
56
Bronchodialators
Dilate the bronchial walls
57
Expectorants
Promote coughing and expulsion of mucus
58
Antitussive
Relieve coughing
59
Ventilators
Breathing substitute for patient who can't breathe on own
60
Nebulizers
Deliver medication through mouth into lungs (think inhaler)
61
Empyema
Pus in the pleural cavity
62
Pleural Effusion
Escape of fluid in the pleural cavity
63
Pneumoconiosis
Caused by dust in lungs
64
Anthracosis
Caused by coal dust
65
Asbestosis
Caused by asbestos in lungs
66
Silicosis
Caused by silica dust from grinding rocks or glass
67
Cystic Fibrosis
Disease of exocrine glands that causes secretion of abnormally thick mucus which leads to chronic obstruction
68
Adelectosis
Collapsed alveoli leading to collapse of a lung or part of a lung
69
Chronic Destructive Pulmonary Disease
Any disease with obstruction to bronchial tubes
70
Asthma
Causes a narrowing of Bronchi leading to dyspnea, wheezing, coughing
71
Methods used to diagnose respiratory disorders
- Auscultation - listen with a stethoscope
- Assess Respiratory Rate
- Percussion - knocking on chest and listening
- Sputum Analysis - Cough up mucus (sputum) and analyze under scope
72
Normal adult respiratory rate is
15-20 respirations per minute
73
Abnormalities, such as masses and restricted blood flow, detected by:
- Chest x-ray
- MRI
- Lung Scans
74
Structures of respiratory tract can be observed by:
- Endoscopy
| - Bronchoscopy
75
Laboratory Tests include:
- Throat cultures
- Sputum Sample
- Arterial Blood Gases
76
Adenoid (o)
Adenoid; gland
77
Alveol (o)
Alveolus
78
Bronch(o)
Bronchus
79
Bronchiol(o)
Bronchiole
80
Capn(o)
CO2
81
Epiglott(o)
Epiglottis
82
Laryng(o)
Larynx
83
Lob(o)
Lobe of the lung
84
Mediastin(o)
Mediastinum
85
Nas(o)
Nose
86
Or(o)
Mouth
87
Ox(o)
O2
88
Pharyng(o)
Pharynx
89
Phon(o)
Voice, Sound
90
Phren(o)
Diaphragm
91
Pleur(o)
Pleura
92
Pneum(o)
Air
93
Rhin(o)
Nose
94
Spir(o)
Breathing
95
Steth(o)
Chest
96
Thorac(o)
Thorax
97
ABG
Arterial Blood Gas
98
AFB
Acid Fast Bacillus
99
A&P
Auscultation & Percussion
100
ARD
Acute Respiratory Disease
101
ARDS
Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome
102
ARF
Adult Respiratory Failure
103
AP
Anteroposterior
104
BS
Breathing Sounds
105
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
106
CPR
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
107
CTA
Clear to Auscultation
108
CXR
Chest x-ray
109
DOE
Dyspnea on Exertion (short of breath with activity)
110
DPT
Dipheria, Pertussis, Tetanus
111
ET Tube
Endotracheal Intubation tube
112
FEV
Forced Expiratory Volume
113
FVC
Forced Vital Capacity
114
IMV
Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
115
IPPB
Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing
116
LLL
Left Lower Lobe
117
LUL
Left Upper Lobe
118
MDI
Metered Dose Inhaler
119
PA
Posteroanterior (direction for x-ray, from posterior to anterior)
120
PCP
Pneumocystis Carini Pneumonia
121
PEEP
Positive End Expiration Pressure
122
PFT
Pulmonary Function Test (measure mechanics of breathing)
123
RLL
Right Lower Lobe
124
RUL
Right Upper Lobe
125
SIDS
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
126
SOB
Short of Breath
127
TB
Tuberculosis
128
URI
Upper Respiratory Infection
129
V/Q Scan
Ventilation/Perfusion Scan
130
Pleural Cavity
Space between the 2 layers of the pleura
131
Right Lung
3 Lobes: Superior, Medial, Inferior
132
Left Lung
2 Lobes: Superior, Inferior
133
Air Passageway
Air, Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Lungs, Blood Stream
- Inhalation requires the diaphragm to move inferior
- Exhalation requires the diaphragm to move superior
134
Choking
Occurs occasionally when a person swallows and inhales simultaneously where some food enters the larynx
- Abominable Thrust Maneuver one way to save from choking
135
Vocal Chords
Size and Thickness determine pitch and sound
- Men = Thick and Long for low pitch
- Women = Short and Thin for high pitch
136
True Vocal Chords
Run Vertical and open to the Glottis
137
False Vocal Chords
Epithelial to either side of True Vocal Chords
138
External Respiration
Exchange of air between atmosphere and body (cells)
139
Internal Respiration
Bringing O2 into the cells and ridding the cells of CO2
Includes: Lungs, Respiratory Tract, Muscles that move diaphragm & Chest Wall
140
Cilia
Small, hairlike fibers that constantly move mucus and foreign particles up away from lungs
141
Inspiration
Brings air from outside into nose and mouth; Inhalation
142
Nose
2 Nares divided by Septum.
Warms, Filters, and Moistens Air
143
Passage of Air
- Enters through Nares (nostrils) where its warmed, moistened, filtered
- Enters into Nasopharynx, where adenoids are located
- Enters into Oropharynx, where tonsils are located
- Enters into Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx), where divides to esophagus and trachea
- Divides to Right and Left Bronchi at the Cerani
- Into Bronchioles
- Into Alveoli, where air exchange occurs
