Chapter 23

Question 1

1) What are the functions of the external nose?

Answer 1

modifying speech vibrations

Question 2

2) What are the functions of the internal nose?

Answer 2

receives drainage from the paranasal sinuses

Question 3

3) What happens to air as it enters the nasal passage and where does olfaction take place?

Answer 3

not olfactory epithelium lies in mucous membrane covering inferior nasal conchae

Question 4

4) What is the pharynx?

Answer 4

tube lines with a muscle membrane

Question 5

5) Which portion of the pharynx communicates with the internal nares and Eustachian tubes?

Answer 5

nasopharynx

Question 6

8) What are the laryngeal cartilages and how do they function?

Answer 6

epiglottis: single cartiliage blocks food and liquid from entering the larynx

Question 7

9) How do the vocal cords alter pitch?

Answer 7

adjusting tension on VC and changing rima glottis shape alters pitch

Question 8

10) What is the trachea and how does it function?

Answer 8

A + B

Question 9

11) What are he C-shaped rings of the trachea and how do they function?

Answer 9

all

Question 10

12) What is the function of the primary bronchi?

Answer 10

carry air toward each lung

Question 11

13) Cassie was practicing her gymnastics floor exercise while chewing gum. During a disastrous attempt at a new flip, she accidentally inhaled the gum. Where did the gum probably lodge?

Answer 11

right primary broncus

Question 12

14) What are the airways that directly carry air to each lobe of a lung?

Answer 12

secondary bronchi

Question 13

15) As the diameters of the respiratory passages decrease, what can be observed in its anatomy?

Answer 13

walls of the passages become more muscular

Question 14

16) A patient is having an asthma attack and can hardly breathe. What should probably be administered to the patient? Why?

Answer 14

A + B

Question 15

17) What is the difference between the visceral pleura parietal pleura?

Answer 15

visceral pleura adheres directly to the chest wall

Question 16

18) What makes up the respiratory membrane?

Answer 16

not lymphatic vessel basement membrane

Question 17

19) What is ventilation-perfusion coupling?

Answer 17

all

Question 18

20) What are the basic steps of gas exchange, or respiration, in the body?

Answer 18

all

Question 19

21) What is exhalation (expiration)?

Answer 19

A + B

Question 20

22) A 70 year-old patient suffering from emphysema comes down with pneumonia, and his alveoli begin to fill with fluid. How will his illnesses affect his pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 20

emphysema will decrease lung compliance

Question 21

23) Lauren has a tidal volume of 520 mL with an anatomical dead space of 120 mL. If she is to maintain an alveolar ventilation rate of 4000 mL/min, what must her respiration rate be?

Answer 21

10 breaths per minute

Question 22

24) What is Dalton’s law, not Megan?

Answer 22

A + B

Question 23

25) What is Henry’s law?

Answer 23

all

Question 24

26) What is external respiration?

Answer 24

exchange of gases between lungs and blood

Question 25

27) What happens during internal respiration?

Answer 25

gases are exchanged between blood and tissues

Question 26

28) What factors are essential in the rate of gas exchange?

Answer 26

Not volume of gas available

Question 27

29) What is the most important factor in determining whether O2 dissociates from or binds to hemoglobin?

Answer 27

Po2

Question 28

30) What will increase O2 dissociation from hemoglobin?

Answer 28

increased BPG concentration

Question 29

31) How is CO2 transported in blood?

Answer 29

all

Question 30

32) What affects the amount of CO2 that can be transported in blood?

Answer 30

the amount of co2 that can be transported by the amount of Hb-O2 **

Question 31

33) When running 100 m, which part of the brain stem stimulates the internal intercostal and abdominal muscles to contract causing forceful exhalation?

Answer 31

expiratory area of the medulla oblongata

Question 32

34) Other than those in the brain stem, which parts of the brain can influence respiratory rate and depth?

Answer 32

all

Question 33

35) What are chemoreceptors and how do they effect respiration?

Answer 33

in the medullla oblongata, detect changes in h^2 and C02 concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid

Question 34

36) It has been one of those mornings for Kate. First the hot water went off suddenly in the middle of her shower. When she tried to get out of the ice-cold water quickly, she stubbed her toe on the edge of the shower stall, fell and hit her “funny bone” on the toilet. When she checked her blood pressure, it was 150/100 instead of her usual 90/60. What common response did her respiratory system probably have to each of these situations?

Answer 34

A or B

Question 35

37) What is true of changes in ventilation associated with exercise?

Answer 35

pulmonary perfusion increases during exercise

Question 36

38) When does the respiratory system begin to develop?

Answer 36

about four weeks after conception

Question 37

39) What is associated with aging of the respiratory system?

Answer 37

not increased alveolar macrophage activity

Question 38

40) What are classified as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders?

Answer 38

A + B

Question 39

41) Which is an inherited disease of the respiratory system?

Answer 39

cystic fibrosis

Question 40

42) Pulmonary edema maybe characterized by what?

Answer 40

not decreased fluid in alveoli and interstitial spaces of the lungs

Question 41

43) What filters, warms, and moistens air entering body?

Answer 41

nose

Question 42

44) What serves as sound resonating chamber, contains tonsils, directs air inferiorly?

Answer 42

pharynx

Question 43

45) What passes air from pharynx into windpipe, site of sound production?

Answer 43

larynx

Question 44

46) What carries air to a lung?

Answer 44

primary broncus

Question 45

47) What carries air to a segment of a lung?

Answer 45

tertiary broncus

Question 46

48) What carries air directly into a respiratory bronchiole?

Answer 46

terminal bronchioli

Question 47

49) What separates the lungs from each other and from the mediastinum?

Answer 47

pleural membrane

Question 48

50) What reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange?

Answer 48

syrphactant

Question 49

define anoxia

Answer 49

absence of oxygen

Question 50

define apnea

Answer 50

stop breathing in sleep

Question 51

define asphyxia

Answer 51

a condition arising when the body is deprived of oxygen

Question 52

define hypercapnia

Answer 52

excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream

Question 53

define hypoxia

Answer 53

deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues.

Question 54

define lobar pneumonia

Answer 54

pneumonia in one lobe of the lung

Question 55

define pleurisy

Answer 55

inflammation of the pleurae

Question 56

define pneumothorax

Answer 56

the presence of air or gas in the cavity between the lungs and the chest wall, causing collapse of the lung.

Question 57

define tachypnea

Answer 57

abnormally rapid breathing.

Question 58

define tracheotomy

Answer 58

an incision in the windpipe made to relieve an obstruction to breathing.