Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psych 111 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

neurons

A

individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate and transmit information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

soma

A

cell body of neuron, contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

dendrite

A

parts of the neuron that are specialized to receive information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

axon

A

a long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles and glands, wrapped in cells of myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

myelin sheath

A

insulates some axons and speeds up transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

terminal buttons

A

small knobs that secrete neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

synapse

A

a junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

glia

A

glue that provides support to neurons, small but outnumber neurons 10:1, 50% of brain’s volume, some can send signals and may contribute to memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hodgkin and Huxley

A

studied squid, learned that neural impulse is a complex electrochemical reaction, positive sodium and potassium against negative chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

resting potential

A

a neuron’s stable, negative charge when the cell is inactive, -70 millivolts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

action potential

A

brief shift in a neuron’s electrical charge that travels along an axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

absolute refractory period

A

minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

postsynaptic potential (PSP)

A

a voltage change at a receptor site on a postsynaptic cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

number of synapses…

A

decreases after age 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

acetylcholine

A

Released by motor neurons controlling skeletal muscle, regulation of attention, arousal and memory, Alzheimer’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dopamine

A

Control of voluntary movement, Cocaine elevates, Parkinsonism Schizophrenia and addiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Mood and arousal, cocaine elevates, depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Serotonin

A

Regulates sleep and wakefulness, deppression OCD and eating disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

GADA

A

inhibitory transmitter, regulates anxiety and sleep/arousel, valium, Anxiety disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Glutamene

A

Excitatory transmitter, learning and memory, Schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Endorphins

A

Opiate drugs, pain relief and response to stress, eating behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

agonist

A

mimics action of neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

antagonist

A

opposes action of neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
monoamines
dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin
26
peripheral nervous system
all nerves (bundles of axons) that lie outside the brain and spinal cord
27
somatic nervous system
nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and sensory receptors
28
afferent nerve fibers
carry information to central nervous system
29
efferent nerve fibers
carry information outward
30
autonomic nerve system
nerves that connect the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles and glands
31
sympathetic division
part of autonomic, mobilizes resources for emergencies
32
parasympathetic
part of autonomic, conserves resources
33
central nervous system (CNS)
brain and spinal cord
34
electroencephalograph (EEG)
device that monitors electrical activity of the brain over time using recording electrodes attached to the scalp
35
lesioning
destroying a part of the brain
36
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
allows scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain, non-invasive but can't study deep in brain
37
PET, CT and MRI scans
CT shows structure, PET shows function and neurotransmitters, MRI better shows structure
38
male vs. female arousal
men are more stimulated visually than women
39
hindbrain
cerebellum, medulla, pons
40
forebrain
thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system and cerebrum
41
cerebrum
largest part of brain, sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciousness and voluntary movement
42
corpus callosum
bridge of fibers passing information between hemispheres of brain
43
thalamus
handles incoming and outgoing signals
44
cerebellum
coordinates fine muscle movement, balance
45
reticular formation
carry stimulation for sleep and arousal through brainstem
46
spinal cord
simple reflexes, transmits info between brain and body
47
medulla
unconscious functions
48
pons
sleep and arousal
49
hippocampus
learning and memory, limbic system
50
pituitary gland
regulates other glands
51
hypothalamus
hunger, thirst, temperature control, basic needs
52
limbic system
a loosely connected network of structures located along border between cerebral cortex and deeper subcortical areas
53
cerebral cortex
folded outer layer of the cerebrum
54
mirror neurons
activated by performing an action or by seeing another monkey or person perform the same action
55
occipital lobe
visual processing
56
parietal lobe
sense of touch
57
temporal lobe
auditory processing
58
frontal lobe
movement of muscles
59
neurogenesis
formation of new neurons
60
split-brain surgery
corpus callosum cut,
61
left hemisphere
right hand, speach
62
right hemisphere
left hand, puzzles, recognition
63
perceptual asymmetries
left-right imbalances between the cerebral hemispheres in the speed of visual or auditory processing
64
family studies
researchers assess the hereditary influence by examining blood relatives to see how much they resemble one another on a specific trait
65
epigenetics
study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve modifications to DNA sequence
66
ocytocin
regulates reproductive behaviors, hormone from pituitary

Psych 111 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions