Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

goal-oriented behavior

Question 2

drive

Answer 2

internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce the tension, push, (hunger)

Question 3

incentive

Answer 3

an external goal that motivates behavior, pull

Question 4

evolutionary theory of motivation

Answer 4

natural selection favors behaviors that maximize reproductive success

Question 5

motivation of hunger/eating

Answer 5

controlled by hypothalamus, glucose, hormone insulin

Question 6

phases of sexual response

Answer 6

excitement
plateau
orgasm
resolution

Question 7

normative cues

Answer 7

socially appropriate food intake

Question 8

sensory cues

Answer 8

characteristics of food itself, palatability, obese people are more sensitive to these

Question 9

settling-point theory

Answer 9

weight tends to drift around the level at which consumption and expenditure reach an equilibrium

Question 10

achievement motive

Answer 10

the need to master difficult challenges, outperform others and meet high standards of excellence

Question 11

affective forcasting

Answer 11

efforts to predict one’s emotional reactions to future events, people tend to incorrectly predict intensity of emotions

Question 12

galvanic skin response (GSR)

Answer 12

increase in the electrical conductivity in skin that occurs when sweat glands increase activity, measures emotions

Question 13

polygraph

Answer 13

up to 85-90% accurate

Question 14

controls emotion in the brain

Answer 14

focus is amygdala, also hypothalamus and limbic system

Question 15

6 fundamental emotions

Answer 15

happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust

Question 16

facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 16

facial muscles send signals to the brain causing emotions

Question 17

James-Lange theory

Answer 17

physical arousal leads to conscious experience

Question 18

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 18

thalamus sends signals to create arousal and conscious feeling of emotion at the same time

Question 19

Schachter theory

Answer 19

arousal, then interpretation and then conscious feeling of emotion

Question 20

evolutionary theories of emotion

Answer 20

emotions are innate reactions to certain stimuli, emotion evolved before thought

Question 21

situational factors of achievement

Answer 21

probability of success

incentive value of success

Question 22

hedonic adaptation

Answer 22

occurs when the baseline of how happy someone is at their neutral point shifts