Chapter 9: Intelligence and Psychological testing

Question 1

psychological test

Answer 1

standardized test that measures a sample of someone’s behavior, individual differences

Question 2

intelligence test

Answer 2

measures general mental ability, potential

Question 3

aptitude test

Answer 3

specific types of mental abilities, potential

Question 4

achievement test

Answer 4

mastery of a subject

Question 5

personality tests

Answer 5

motives, interests, values and attitudes

Question 6

percentile score

Answer 6

indicates percentage of people who score at or below the score obtained

Question 7

reliability

Answer 7

consistency of a test

Question 8

correlation coefficient

Answer 8

numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables

Question 9

validity

Answer 9

ability of a test to measure what it is supposed to

Question 10

content validity

Answer 10

is content of test representative of the domain it’s supposed to cover

Question 11

criterion-related validity

Answer 11

estimated by correlating subjects’ scores on a test with their scores on an independent criterion of the trait assessed by the test

Question 12

construct validity

Answer 12

the extent to which evidence shows that a test measures a particular hypothetical construct

Question 13

IQ

Answer 13

mental age / age x 100

Question 14

factor analysis

Answer 14

correlations among many variables are analyzed to identify clusters of variables

Question 15

fluid intelligence

Answer 15

reasoning ability, memory capacity, speed of information processing

Question 16

crystallized intelligence

Answer 16

ability to apply acquired knowledge and skills in problem solving

Question 17

mental retardation/intellectual disability

Answer 17

subnormal general mental ability originating before age 18

Question 18

gifted

Answer 18

upper 2-3% of IQ distribution

Question 19

heritability ratio

Answer 19

an estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance

Question 20

flynn effect

Answer 20

IQ has steadily increased over generations

Question 21

reaction range

Answer 21

genetically determined limits on IQ

Question 22

analytical intelligence

Answer 22

abstract reasoning, evaluation, judgement

Question 23

practical intelligence

Answer 23

ability to deal with everyday problems, tacit knowledge

Question 24

creative intelligence

Answer 24

generate new ideas and deal with novel problems

Question 25

appeal to ignorance

Answer 25

no one can prove otherwise

Question 26

reification

Answer 26

a hypothetical, abstract concept is given a name and treated as if it were concrete

Question 27

convergent thinking

Answer 27

narrowing down a list of alternatives

Question 28

divergent thinking

Answer 28

expanding range of alternatives by generating many possible solutions, creativity