Chapter 9

Question 1

causes of the french revolution

Answer 1

• peasants were mad (income, taxes)
• poor harvests
• bankrupt of government (debts )
• aristocratic resistance against taxes
• censorship
• unpopularity of church hierarchy and privileges
• taxes to church
• noble privileges

Question 2

Louis XVI

Answer 2

• married to Marie Antoinette

- french revolution

Question 3

Necker

Answer 3

financial official during french revolution

Question 4

Edmund burke

Answer 4

English critic

• state is partnership
• no reform
• sudden change = no okay, gradual change = okay
• during french revolution
• warned that mob rule would lead to anarchy and military dictatorship

Question 5

robspierre

Answer 5

=Jacobin leader

Question 6

Pitt the younger

Answer 6

British organizer of alliances against forces of revolution and napoleon

Question 7

the french revolution timeline

Answer 7

• calling of estates general (solve bankruptcy)
• tennis court oath
• Bastille
• the great fear
• Austria and Prussia threaten to invade France
• legislative assembly declare war
• sans-culottes took control and pressure the legislative assembly into calling for anew national convention
• national convention declare republic and kill king
• giondrists outed Jacobins
• then there were threats from girodinsts and royalists and foreign threats
• reign of terror

Question 8

the great fear

Answer 8

agarain revolt during french revolution

Question 9

emigres

Answer 9

princes and nobles who fled France to raise foreign opposition

Question 10

national assembly / constituent assembly

Answer 10

• limited monarchy
• metric system
• abolish internal taxes
• abolish guilds

Question 11

civil constituent of assembly

Answer 11

• church nationalized
• church are employees of the state
• took lands
• took an loath
• church officials elected by the people

Question 12

Le chapelier law

Answer 12

against organised labor

Question 13

assignats

Answer 13

bonds issued by government

• later used as currency
• over issue led to high inflation

Question 14

Jacobin

Answer 14

-racial revolutionizes
-no monarchies
-republic
-not lyattete
-king dead
-supported by sans-coulerte
-

Question 15

girondins

Answer 15

• more moderate than Jacobins
• advocates of war with Russia
• extend french revolutionary ideas
• king improsioned

Question 16

declaration of pilnitz

Answer 16

Leopold II of Austria threaten war with France

-wanted to restore absolutism

Question 17

september massacres

Answer 17

massacre of royalists

Question 18

vendee

Answer 18

counterrevolutionary uprising in western central France

-suppressed by Robespierre

Question 19

thermiorian reaction

Answer 19

reaction against extremism of Robespierre

• ended terror
• started directory

Question 20

the directory

Answer 20

• led by bourgeois (rich)
• new Constitution (corrupt)
• continued war

Question 21

outcomes of french revolution

Answer 21

-overthrow of monarchy (execution)
-power of nobility weakened
-secularization of church
-new metric system, calender
-

Question 22

what lands did napoleon conquer

Answer 22

Netherlands, Italy, Dalmatia, Switzerland, Germany, Poland, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Egypt and Russia

Question 23

admiral nelson

Answer 23

victor at Trafalgar

-defeated napolone

Question 24

trafalgar

Answer 24

admiral nelson destroyed french and Spain fleets (napoleon)

Question 25

austerlizx

Answer 25

napoleon defeated Austria and Russia now could demolish HRE seen as genius

Question 26

napoleon timeline

Answer 26

- invasion of Egypt (fail) - winning in Austria, Prussia and Prussia - Austerlitz (reorganize Germany, cause nationalism and unrest) - guerrilla warfare in Spain (fail) - failed invasion of Russia - battle of nations (defeated) - sent to Elba - came back (100 days) - defeated at Waterloo - sent to St. Helena

Question 27

Louis XVIII

Answer 27

- restored after french revolution | - accepted parliamentary government, Napoleonic code, abolition of feudalism...

Question 28

Napoleonic code

Answer 28

- consolidated hundreds of laws - guarantied many achievements of french revolution - increased authority of husbands in family - -civil code restricted women's rights, patriarchal values, guilty until proven innocent

Question 29

concordat of 1801

Answer 29

- granted church special status - regained right to confirm church dignitaries , depose french bishops. reopen seminaries - in return, pope recognizes the lands taken

Question 30

how napoleon was enligthened

Answer 30

- encouraged spirit of nationalism at home (but also at Germany) - Napoleonic code - abolished serfdom (HRE) (pushed Prussia to go to war) - ended HRE - promoted soldiers by merit - abolish guilds - plebiscites - political st-ability

Question 31

how Napeolon was despotic

Answer 31

- secret police - placed brothers on thrones of Holland, Spain, and Westphalia, and Italy - created new hereditary nobility - crowned himself emperor - restored church to privilege position

Question 32

congress of vienna

Answer 32

-bourbonds restored in france -quadruple alliance (austria, prussia, russia, britian) -germany left divided (led by austria) -netherelands and belgium combined (buffer state) -austria get tuscany, lombardy and venice -sardinia get pidemont and savoy -switzrerland is indepdnet -sweden get norway -russia got more polish terriority -

Question 33

mitternich

Answer 33

against liberalism and nationalism