Chapter 9 Testing Flashcards

Question

Binet (1905) defined intelligence in terms of an individual’s capacity to do the following:

Answer 1

find and maintain a definite direction or purpose adjust strategy, if necessary, to achieve that purpose, and evaluate and criticize the strategy so that necessary components could be made

Answer 2

100 is mean so 100 is 50th percentile and 145 is 99.9th percentile 85 is in the 16th percentile 115 is 84 percentile scoring system created by David Wechsler

Answer 3

YES to a correlation of +0.90 but low motivation/high anxiety person may have poorly represented scores, so some kids in these situation may score a lot higher on a subsequent test with an examiner who makes them feel more comfortable caution is in order when interpreting the scores

Answer 4

yes for academic work predictions but questionable for intelligence in a broader sense

Answer 5

people who score high on IQ tests are more likely to end up in a high status job than people who scored low but only to a .37 correlation IQ and income is even lower at .21 correlation there is substantial correlation between IQ and job performance .50 not really a strong indicator for hiring employees especially if the employees are minorities

Answer 6

yes in western/european, no in rest of the world some exceptions like Japan, yes but no in china, india differences in cognition and language so test doesn't translate they also emphasize different qualities to measure intelligence

Answer 7

studies have been done for identical reared together and apart and identical still wins out over fraternal reared together presumably because of genetic makeup if adoptive children resemble their biological parents who never raised them then it is presumed that genetics have a play if they resemble the adoptive parents, then environmental factors influenced the trait. they are usually similar at .24 correlation adoptive siblings (from different bio parents but living with same foster parents) have a correlation of .30 which indicates environmental factors

Answer 8

an estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance eg: height is at 90 percent, weight is at 85 heritability for intelligence vary considerably experts tend to hover around 50%

Answer 9

people have gotten generally better at the IQ test since the 30s they don't really understand why, so they attribute the "flynn effect" on environmental factors

Answer 10

(Sandra Scarr) refers to the genetically determined limits on IQ genetic limits place an upper limit on a person's IQ and that can't be exceeded even when environment is ideal same for lower though there are circumstances like being locked in an attic for ten years that would affect the low measurement it's about a 20 point potential i.e. you are born with a sliding scale of 20 points in either direction based on whether or not you are placed in a favorable or unfavorable environment

Answer 11

socioeconomic disadvantage stereotype threat Cultural basis/bias

Answer 12

intelligence is a heredity thing that asians are the smartest and black the dumbest with whites in the middle, but the research has been fraught with flaws and criticism

Answer 13

children tend to grow up in deprived environments that create a disadvantage bigger families or single parents exposed to fewer books, supplies, less privacy to focus, and less parental supervision/help poorer role models for language development less pressure, expectation to do well, worse schools crime, drug gang infested so they develop more street smarts ``` malnutrition, environmental toxins so they tend to run 15 % lower than middle/upper class kids ``` this is all true even if race is factored out completely with just whites in the group

Answer 14

derogatory stereotypes create unique feelings of vulnerability in the educational arena (Claude Steele) these feelings can undermine a group members performance on a test they have belonging uncertainty they are keenly aware of the subtle climate of negative stereotypes worried that others will attribute their failure to racial inferiority women feel the same against male dominated fields: engineering, tech met with suspicion when they prove them wrong and met with reinforcement of negative stereotype when they fail it undermines their emotional investment in academic work "doing well in school requires a belief that school achievements can be a promising basis for self-esteem and that belief needs constant reaffirmation even for advantaged students" when the opposite happens students begin to "disidentify" with school and performance/results suffer

Answer 15

the test makes one's stereotype vulnerability particularly salient and and the anxiety might temporarily disrupt cognitive function stress/pre-frontal inhibit actively monitor performance (my stage freight) (expending energy) inhibit/suppress negative thoughts (again my stage freight) (expending energy) all 3 contribute to lower executive resources needed for task performance these distractions hijack working memory

Answer 16

IQ tests are constructed by white, middle class psychologists, they naturally draw on experience typical of their lifestyle creating a disparity in exposure to information

Answer 17

yes at .35 white is myelenation of axons so more efficient, grey is for more neural pathways association is a little stronger for grey matter

Answer 18

triarchic theory measures analytic: analyse, critique and evaluate creative: discover, invent, create practice: apply, utilize, implement his work came out of the fact that he tested really low on IQ as a child then had a great teacher in grade 4 who turned it around and he is brilliant now context: means that hunting skills may be more important in some cultures while language is important in ours experiential: the ability to effectively deal with novelty new tasks/demands/situations componential: is broken down into 3 sub categories meta components, performance components and knowledge acquisition more intelligent subjects tend to spend more time figuring out how to represent a problem and planning a solution than less intelligent

Answer 19

analytical: requires abstract reasoning, evaluation/judgement good for schoolwork and similar to IQ test creative: ability to generate new ideas and be inventive in dealing with new problems practical intelligence: deal with the kinds of problems you encounter in your everyday life learning what one needs to know to work in an environment that is not explicitly taught or verbalized says that all the aforementioned influence one another

Answer 20

IQ focuses on language and math too much he concluded that humans eight intelligences: ``` logic/math linguistic music spatial bodily-kinesthetic interpersonal intrapersonal naturalist + maybe a bonus of existential intelligence but that one is not really considered with evidence ```

Answer 21

cultural factors shape behaviour: testing is largely a western world thing within the west, different ethnic groups are affected differently by tests, largely to to socioeconomic disparity situations heredity and environment: that racist who said black people are dumber twin studies/family studies sociohistorical context: a lot of the racism in the test assessments were based on common views at the time

Answer 22

They assess divergent thinking: how many uses can you come up for a newspaper if we didn't need to sleep, think of as many consequences Remote Associates Test (RAT) based on the assumption that creative people see unusual relationships and make non-obvious connections

Answer 23

mediocre because they measure creativity as a general trait but creativity is largely particular to domain ``` also hard to predict creativity because it depends on so many factors such as motivation personality intelligence training mentoring good fortune ``` workaholics tens to succeed because they show perseverance in the face of setbacks - do not give up easily Sternberg says that creativity is in large part a decision as in people often have to make a choice to defy conventional thinking

Answer 24

no single personality type but modest correlations with certain traits mental illness: yes very common among highly creative in particular depression especially elevated among poets accumulating data may point to a strong correlation but perhaps not causally related

Answer 25

a hypothetical, abstract concept is given a name and then treated as though it were a concrete, tangible object i.e. intelligence is not a tangible thing but it is treated as though it is...it is moreover a concept

Chapter 9 Testing Flashcards

(49 cards)