Quiz Chapter 2 Flashcards
(15 cards)
The work of a clinical psychologist to reduce the suffering of an individual reflects the goal of Select one: a. measurement and description. b. understanding and prediction. c. application and control. d. all of the above. e. none of the above.
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The correct answer is: application and control.
An experimenter test the hypothesis that physical exercise affects people's moods by making them feel happier. Subjects in the experimental group participate on Monday and Tuesday, and those in the control group participated on Wednesday and Thursday. What is the independent variable? Select one: a. the hypothesis b. the day of the week c. the exercise d. the mood (degree of happiness) e. There is no independent variable.
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The correct answer is: the exercise
Regarding the experiment described in question 2, what is the dependent variable? Select one: a. the hypothesis b. the day of the week c. the exercise d. the mood (degree of happiness) e. There is no dependent variable.
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The correct answer is: the mood (degree of happiness)
Regarding the experiment described in question 2, what is an extraneous (confounding) variable? Select one: a. the hypothesis b. the day of the week c. the exercise d. the mood (degree of happiness) e. the day of the week and the exercise
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The correct answer is: the day of the week
The major advantage of the experimental method over the correlational approach is that the experimental method
Select one:
a. permits one to make causal conclusions.
b. allows for prediction.
c. is generally less artificial than correlational procedures.
d. permits the study of people in groups.
e. is cheaper to use.
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The correct answer is: permits one to make causal conclusions.
In looking through medical records, you find a strong relationship between depression and chronic pain: the stronger the physical pain that people report, the higher their scores on an inventory that measures depression. Which of the following conclusions are justified?
Select one:
a. Depression tends to produce chronic pain.
b. Chronic pain tends to produce depression.
c. Both chronic pain and depression result from some unknown third factor.
d. Both chronic pain and depression are really the same.
e. None of the above conclusions are justified.
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The correct answer is: None of the above conclusions are justified.
What is the mode of the following data? 2, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7, 12
Select one:
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
e. The mode is impossible to calculate from this data set.
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The correct answer is: 3
What is the median of the following data? 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
Select one:
a. 3.7
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6.21
e. It is impossible to calculate the median because the sample is too small.
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The correct answer is: 5
Researchers find a negative relationship between alcohol consumption and speed of response: the more alcohol consumed, the slower the response speed. Which of the following fictitious statistics could possibly represent that correlation? Select one: a. -4.57 b. -0.87 c. 0.91 d. 0.05 e. 0.00
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The correct answer is: -0.87
The term statistical significance refers to
Select one:
a. how important the data are for future research on the topic.
b. the conclusion that there are no reasonable alternative explanations.
c. the fact that a significant statistical test is needed.
d. the representativeness of the sample.
e. the inference that the observed effects are unlikely to be due to chance.
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The correct answer is: the inference that the observed effects are unlikely to be due to chance.
An instructor wishes to find out whether a new teaching method is superior to his usual procedures, so he conducts an experiment. Everyone in his classes is quite excited about the prospect of learning under the new procedure, but, of course, he cannot administer the new teaching method to everyone. A random half of the students receive the new method, and the remaining half receive the old method. What is the most obvious flaw in this experiment?
Select one:
a. Subjects should have been systematically assigned to groups.
b. The sample is not representative of the population.
c. Placebo effects or experimenter bias are likely to affect results.
d. Distortions in self-report will affect results.
e. There is no flaw in this experiment.
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The correct answer is: Placebo effects or experimenter bias are likely to affect results.
What procedure helps correct for experimenter bias?
Select one:
a. extraneous or confounding variables
b. sleep learning or hypnosis
c. a higher standard for statistical significance
d. use of the double-blind procedure
e. confounded blind procedure
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The correct answer is: use of the double-blind procedure
With regard to the topic of deception in research with human subjects, which of the following statements is true?
Select one:
a. Researchers are careful to avoid deceiving subjects.
b. Some topics could not be investigated unless deception is used.
c. It has been empirically demonstrated that deception causes severe distress.
d. All psychological research must involve some deception.
e. It is of no concern to researchers.
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The correct answer is: Some topics could not be investigated unless deception is used.
Which of the following is among the six standard parts of an article in a psychological journal? Select one: a. conclusions b. bibliography c. data summary d. results e. acknowledgments
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The correct answer is: results
PsycINFO is a computerized database containing
Select one:
a. standard diagnostic information for classifying behaviour disorders.
b. abstracts of and bibliographic references for journal articles.
c. psychological profiles of known felons.
d. names of authors who specialize in abstractions.
e. all of the above.
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The correct answer is: abstracts of and bibliographic references for journal articles.
